SignalmentS EVEN-YEAR-OLD, 42 kg, neutered male Labrador Retriever.
HistoryThe dog was hit by a car and immediately after the accident no abnormalities were present. One month later there were changes in phonation and dyspnea. Considerations were laryngeal paralysis, laryngeal neoplasia, abscess, cyst, granuloma, or hematoma. Laryngeal collapse due to chondromalacia was considered less likely due to the breed. The laryngeal lumen was narrow with an irregular mucosal surface and a mass was considered. A biopsy of the mucosal surface was interpreted as inflammation and granulation tissue.
ImagingA laryngeal computed tomography (CT) study was performed to substantiate that a mass of the larynx was present. Placing the endotracheal tube was difficult and the largest tube that could be inserted had an inner diameter of 8 mm. Three-millimeter contiguous transverse images were acquired from the middle mandibular region to the thoracic inlet. Ã The left dorsal lateral aspect of the cricoid cartilage was fractured with overriding fracture fragments causing axial deviation of the left lateral laryngeal wall and laryngeal lumen narrowing. There was mild uniform thick-Fig. 1. Transverse image through C2 and the fractured cricoid cartilage. There is an overriding fracture of the mineralized cricoid cartilage. The laryngeal lumen is narrowed. 13004 Â 13004 mm (1 Â 1 DPI).Fig. 2. Sagittal multiplanar reconstruction showing overriding mineralized cartilage fragments at site of fracture. 135 Â 189 mm (96 Â 96 DPI).
Background: Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites of fungi and are one of the causes of toxin-related pet food recalls. An intralaboratory method was previously developed to quantify aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in animal liver by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Objective: The aim of this study was to extensively evaluate the method performance with a single-laboratory blinded method test (BMT-S) and a multilaboratory blinded method test (BMT-M). Methods: Blinded tissue samples were prepared by a third-party laboratory and sent out to participating laboratories for both BMT-S and BMT-M. Results: In both tests, participants analyzed blinded samples prepared by an independent laboratory. In the BMT-S, accuracy ranged between 111 and 154% for AFB1 and 113 and 159% for AFM1 within the quantitation range of 0.1–0.5 ng/g. The HorRat values for repeatability ranged between 0.1 and 0.3 for AFB1 and 0.3 and 0.6 for AFM1. In the BMT-M, the interlaboratory accuracy ranged between 77 and 81% for AFB1 and 83 and 85% for AFM1 within the quantitation range of 0.2–10 ng/g. The HorRat values for reproducibility ranged between 0.4 and 0.7 for AFB1 and 0.4 and 0.9 for AFM1. Both recovery and reproducibility were acceptable. Conclusions: BMT-M evaluation demonstrated that the method was suitable for quantitation of aflatoxins B1 and M1 in animal liver between laboratories. Highlights: The BMT-S and BMT-M results demonstrated that the method is rugged and reproducible among the participating laboratories.
Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are commonly utilized for controlling rodent populations, however non-target companion and wildlife animals are also exposed. A method was developed for quantitation of seven ARs (chlorophacinone, coumachlor, bromadiolone, brodifacoum, difethialone, diphacinone, and warfarin) and dicoumarol (a naturally occurring anticoagulant) in animal serum. Analytes were extracted with 10% (v/v) acetone in methanol and analyzed by reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) using electrospray ionization (negative mode) combined with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). In-house method validation in the originating laboratory using non-blinded samples revealed method limits of quantitation at 2.5 ng/mL for all analytes. Inter-assay accuracy ranged 99–104% and relative standard deviation ranged 3.5–20.5%. Method performance was then verified in the originating laboratory during an exercise organized by an independent party using blinded samples. The method was successfully transferred to two naïve laboratories and further evaluated for reproducibility among three laboratories by means of Horwitz ratio (HorRat(R)) values. Such extensive validation provides a high degree of confidence that the method is rugged, robust, and will perform as expected if used by others in the future.
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