Bali cattle as one of Indonesia’s native cattle have horns basically, both male and female. However, in its development, Bali cattle without horns have been found and known as polled. Bali polled is cattle whose horns do not grow naturally. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of libido and the concentration of testosterone in Bali polled and horned bulls. The samples were 8 individuals (4 polled and 4 horned) with an age between 3-8 years. Libido characteristics were measured by recording the time the bull first fondled the cow until ejaculate and analyzing the testosterone concentration using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The collected data were analyzed by an independent sample T-Test. The results of this study indicated that the time required for a polled bull from fondling the female to ejaculation was longer (P<0.05) compared to horned (7.45±2.51 vs 2.42±0.60 minutes). While the testosterone concentration was not significantly different (P>0.05) 6.94±2.43 ng/mL vs 3.74±1.34 ng/mL although showed a higher tendency for the horned bull at 3.2 ng/mL. In conclusion, the polled bull took a longer time from fondling the female to ejaculation compared to horned, while the concentration of the hormone testosterone was equal. However, libido characteristics have a positive correlation with the testosterone concentration with a correlation coefficient of 0.805.
Indonesian consumers generally buy chicken eggs in traditional markets. Mostly, the traditional markets were less clean places, making it easier for bacterial contamination to the commodity. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of Coliform bacteria, Total Plate Count (TPC) and pH value of chicken eggs from the traders in traditional markets in Maros regency. Chicken egg samples were obtained from 3 traditional markets in Maros Regency, each from 3 sellers and 3 replications. The number of coliform bacteria was determined using Brilliance Agar media while the TPC was determined using Plate Count Agar. The pH value was measured using a pH meter. The research method used was a pour plate to count Coliform and TPC bacteria then analyzed descriptively and presented in tabular form. The pH value was analyzed using analysis of variance and further test of the least significant difference. Based on SNI-3926-2008 regarding the microbiological quality requirements of fresh eggs, all egg samples met the Coliform and TPC bacteria standard, with the number of 1.1×101 and 2.3×104, respectively. The pH of eggs was still in the normal range with an average of 7.1 although the type of market affects the pH of the eggs. All egg samples studied based on Coliform bacteria, TPC and pH were categorized as safe for consumption.
Red dragon fruit contains carbohydrates, flavonoids and other nutrients that can be used as energy sources by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The addition of red dragon fruit in making yogurt can improve the characteristics and functional properties of the final yogurt product. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various concentration of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in yogurt to lactic acid content, pH value, and inhibition of E.coli growth. The parameters measured in this study were lactic acid content, pH, and inhibition zone of E. coli. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and five replications. The process of making yogurt was as follow: distilled water mixed with skim milk 10% (w/v), red dragon fruit 3%, 5% and 7% (w/v) and sugar 3% (v/v). The mixture was heated at 105°C for 5 minutes, cooled, then inoculated with lactic acid bacteria starter as much as 3% (v/v) and incubated at 42°C for 12 hours. This study showed that the concentration of 7% red fruit dragon produced higher lactic acid content, a lower pH value, and higher inhibition to E. coli growth compared to the concentration of 3% and 5%. The result indicated that the use of 7% red dragon fruit would produce good quality yogurt.
The potential for developing cattle in Merauke requires a touch of technology to increase its population and production. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of artificial insemination technology (AI) on improving the welfare of cattle breeders. The method in retrieving data is divided into data types ie qualitative and quantitative data, as well as primary and secondary data. This research was conducted in 3 districts in the district of Merauke, the data were processed statistically using descriptive analysis in the form of averages and standard deviations. Sampling is done by purposive sampling using 90 cattle breeders. The results showed that AI process carried out on average more than 1 time and the level of breeders’ satisfaction with the AI was good, the use of AI was able to increase the population, production and selling value of livestock and the welfare of breeders. The highest increase in breeder welfare occurs in the Semangga, Tanah miring, and Kurik region with an average value of 12% - 15% with AI technology utilization rates reaching 78%.
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