Background: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) can cause serious and long-lasting consequences for drivers, both in terms of physical and mental health outcomes. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most frequent mental disorder occurring after traumatic exposure. Ethiopian drivers experience RTCs more frequently than other sub-Saharan countries. Despite this prevailing phenomenon, limited attention has been given to PTSD among drivers. Objective: To determine the prevalence of PTSD and associated factors among drivers surviving RTCs in southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 402 male drivers who had survived RTCs. The study was conducted in Jimma zone, southwest Ethiopia from March to June, 2019. All drivers who had survived RTCs in the last year were included in the study. The Trauma Screening Questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of PTSD. Data were entered in EpiData 3.1 and exported to SPSS 24 for analysis. Results: The response rate of the study was 398(99%). Fifty of 398 (12.6%, 95% CI 9.5%-16.1%) met PTSD criteria based on the questionnaire. A history of near-miss RTCs (AOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.89-6.43), depression (AOR 3.32, 95% CI 1.36-5.12), and severe-risk cannabis use (AOR 2.51, 95% CI 1.96-7.52) were significantly associated with PTSD. Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of PTSD among drivers surviving RTCs was high compared to the general population. A record of near-miss RTCs, depression, and severe-risk cannabis use shown significant associations with PTSD. Strategies and guidelines must be developed to screen and treat PTSD among drivers surviving RTCs. Drivers with experience of near-miss RTCs, depression, and severe-risk cannabis use should be given priority when screening for PTSD.

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BackgroundReports of central corneal thickness (CCT) among glaucoma patients, particularly for pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG) and Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG) are scarce in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) population. The aim of this study is to evaluate CCT in black patients with newly diagnosed glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT) in South West Ethiopia.MethodsThis was a prospective study undertaken with an ultrasonic pachymeter from June 2014 to February 2015 in Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Patients aged 18 years and older newly diagnosed with glaucoma or OHT were included.ResultsA total of 162 eyes of 162 subjects were included. Hundred and fifty five subjects were glaucomatous: (67 PXG, 42 Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), 28 PACG, 14 Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG), 5 Juvenile Open Angle Glaucoma (JOAG) and 6 (OHT). The mean age was 59.3 ± 12.8 years.For the whole sample, CCT was 518.67 (±39.97) μm. OHT group had significantly greater CCT (576.33 ± 49.32 μm) than the glaucomatous groups (p = 0.004). POAG (506.69 ± 35.08 μm) and NTG (510.79 ± 44.37 μm) groups had thinner CCT than PXG (520.48 ± 38.95 μm), PACG (524.00 ± 37.16 μm), and JOAG (518.00 ± 30.82 μm) groups, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0. 296). There was a statistically significant decline of CCT with advanced age (P = 0.02). There wasn’t significant difference of average CCT between the ethnic groups (P = 0.3) and gender (P = 0.064).ConclusionThe mean CCT of Ethiopian glaucoma patients is thinner than Caucasians and similar to those reported from previous studies in Sub Saharan Africa. OHT patients had thicker CCT; there was no statistically significant difference observed in average CCT amongst glaucoma subtypes.

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Purpose: To find out the significance of early surgery in children of 4 years old and under with large angle intermittent exotropia of 35 prism diopters (PD) and more by examining the results of bilateral lateral rectus recession surgery and factors influencing the surgical outcome.Methods: It was a retrospective study of patients who underwent bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession surgery between 2006 to 2016 with intermittent exotropia greater than or equal to 35 PD and who were able to follow-up for at least 2 years after surgery were divided into two groups based on age of 4 years old. The surgical motor success was defined as exodeviation less than 10 PD, esodeviation less than 8 PD. The angle of deviation, binocular function, best corrected visual acuity, and amount of corrected PD per lateral recession (PD/mm) were compared at each observation point after surgery.Results: The motor success of bilateral rectus muscle recession surgery was 85% in children of age 4 years and under, 65.5% in age over 4 years. Success rate of early surgery was 1.3 times higher in younger age group, but there was no statistical meaning. The complication of surgery after 2 years of follow up was less in younger group-the rate of recurrent exotropia was 15% in younger group, 31.3% in older group and the rate of consecutive esotropia was 0% and 3.1%, respectively. Stereoacuity after 2 years of surgery was not fall behind in younger group compared to older group.Conclusions: It is possible to obtain good surgical results by performing early surgery rather than hesitating to operate due to the younger age in patients younger than 4 years old with large angle exotropia of 35 PD and more for long-term follow up and efficient patient management.