The paper is based on the dataset whose purpose was to deliver, in the form of GBIF-mediated data, diverse materials on the biodiversity of a large mire, Shichengskoe mire (Vologda Region, north-western Russia), including its various mire sites and intra-mire water bodies. The dataset was based on our materials collected for two decades (from 2000 to 2021) in different parts and biotopes of the Shichengskoe mire and complemented by scarce data obtained previously by other researchers. The data contain materials on the diversity of Animalia (2886 occurrences), Bacteria (22), Chromista (256), Fungi (111), Plantae (2463) and Protozoa (131). Within the study period, the most detailed and long-term biodiversity studies were carried out for higher plants and invertebrates. On the other hand, the data on the composition of lichens, protozoa, algae, basidiomycetes, some groups of invertebrates and, to a lesser extent, lichens and vertebrates are far less comprehensive and require further substantial research efforts. The list includes occurrences from both the peatland (mire sites and mire margins different in typology) and the objects of the mire hydrographic network. In a standardised form, this article summarises both already published (mainly in Russian) and unpublished materials. The paper summarises the results of long-term research on the biodiversity of a boreal mire, including its hydrographic network. A total of 5869 occurrences were included in the dataset published in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, gbif.org) for the first time. According to the GBIF taxonomic backbone, the dataset covers 1358 taxa, including 1250 lower-rank taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, forms) and 108 taxa identified to the genus level. Several species found in the Shichengskoe mire, mainly belonging to Bacteria, Chromista and Protozoa, have never been listed in GBIF for the territory of Russia before. The overwhelming majority of occurrences and identified species came from the territory of Shichengskiy Landscape Reserve. Due to our work, this Reserve is now the most studied regional reserve in the Vologda Region with respect to biodiversity. By the number of revealed species, it is close to two federal protected areas: Darwinskiy State Nature Biospheric Reserve and National Park "Russkiy Sever".
Curculionidae-1. Анализируется биотопическое распределение жесткокрылых по разным типам водных объектов (в особенности болотных), а также приводится перечень из 15 видов, заслуживающих охраны на территории области.
Фауна водных макробеспозвоночных верховых болот рассматривается как со-вокупность фаун разных типов внутриболотных водоемов. Исследование вы-полнялось в 2012-2014 гг. на двух крупных водно-болотных угодьях: Шиченгское и Алексеевское-1 (Вологодская область). Пробы отбирались с мая по сентябрь в болотных озерках, межкочьях проточной топи, болотном ручье, двух внутриболот-ных озерах. Всего в составе зоофитоса и зообентоса обнаружено 116 видов и так-сонов более высокого ранга (71 таксон определен до вида, 25 -до рода) из 5 типов, 7 классов. Преобладают насекомые (88 видов, в том числе 55 -двукрылые, 14 -стрекозы, 8 -жуки, 5 -ручейники), остальные группы малочисленны (в том числе олигохеты -12 видов, пиявки -6, моллюски -5). Наибольшее количество видов зарегистрировано в пределах Шиченгского водно-болотного угодья -104, из кото-рых 81 отмечены в границах ландшафтного заказника «Шиченгский». Состав фауны и ее структура зависят от типа болотного водного объекта. В ручье преобладают амфибиотические насекомые, в топи основную роль играют олигохеты и хирономи-ды. В озерах доминируют моллюски и пиявки. Наиболее специфичны сообщества болотных озерков, в которых преобладают стрекозы и хирономиды. Сходство фаун разнотипных водоемов между собой минимально (Ksc = 0,36). При анализе трофической структуры наибольшую численность имеют мирные полифаги, наи-большую биомассу -хищники. Последние широко представлены в большинстве изученных водных объектов, что отличает их от неболотных. Наиболее благоприят-ные условия для водных беспозвоночных складываются во внутриболотных озерах.
Biodiversity of aquatic organisms is formed under the influence of not only natural, but also anthropogenic factors. In this work, the influence of the flow velocity, river size, flow regulation and urbanization on various groups of aquatic organisms was studied in several lowland rivers. The study was conducted in 2013 on six tributaries of the Upper Sukhona River. Five sampling sites were in different parts of the Vologda River and five sites on small rivers, Losta, Lukhta, Komya, Chernyj Shingar, and Belyj Shingar (one site per river). Phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos were sampled six times, from April to October, and macrophytes were studied in August. In total, 469 species of aquatic organisms were found in the tributaries of the Upper Sukhona River, belonging to the following phyla: Cyanophyta (5 species), Chrysophyta (8), Bacillariophyta (62), Xanthophyta (1), Cryptophyta (10), Dinophyta (4), Euglenophyta (12), Chlorophyta (17), Streptophyta (1), Bryophyta (2), Marchantiophyta (3), Equisetophyta (1), Magnoliophyta (63), Rotifera (22), Cnidaria (1), Platyhelmintes (1), Annelida (29), Mollusca (33), Arthropoda (194). The maximum number of species was found in the Vologda River, the largest of all the tributaries. The number of zoobenthos species was similar at different sites in the Vologda River and in the small rivers. The number of species of other groups of aquatic organisms in the small rivers was lower than those registered in the Vologda River. The greatest number of macrophyte and zoobenthos species was recorded in the Upper Vologda River and Belyj Shingar River, where the flow is strong all the year round. The greatest number of phyto- and zooplankton species was found at the extra-city sites where current is almost absent. In the dam backwater, species richness was higher than that registered downstream of the dam. At the same time, the species richness of macrophytes and zoobenthos in the dam backwater was lower. The smallest number of species was found in the Vologda River, downstream of the city of Vologda. Decreases in the species richness and Shannon’s biodiversity index were witnessed in the Vologda River city site and in the small rivers, as they get closer to the city. Cluster analyses performed for the studied groups of aquatic organisms showed dissimilar results; however, the studied sites on the Vologda River having the highest anthropogenic load formed a cluster. Aquatic organisms of the Upper Sukhona tributaries experience both natural (flow velocity and size of the watercourse) and anthropogenic factors (proximity to the city and flow regulation).
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