The in ter nal ge om e try and lithofacies pat tern of the Up per Cre ta ceous-Danian se quence in the Pol ish Low lands The pa per pres ents a set of maps il lus trat ing the in ter nal ge om e try of the Up per Cre ta ceous-Danian sed i men tary se quence in the Pol ish Low lands. Qual i ta tive lithofacies are used for re con struc tions with the dom i nant lithofacies com po nent and ac ces sory com po nents in dicated. The fol low ing maps are pro duced: (1) base Up per Cre ta ceous struc tural map; (2) Up per Cre ta ceous (in clud ing Danian) thick ness map; (3) thick ness map of suc ces sion K3 (Cenomanian-lower Turonian, ex clud ing the up per Albian cy cle K3-I, which is the low er most cy cle of suc ces sion K3, but for mally be longs to the Lower Cre ta ceous); (4) suc ces sion K4 (up per Turonian-Danian) thick ness map. The maps of suc ces sions K3 and K4 il lus trate the post-in ver sion ge om e try of the ba sin for the pre-in ver sion (Cenomanian-lower Turonian) and syn-in ver sion (up per Turonian-Danian) suc ces sions. Thick ness anal y sis shows an in creas ing dif fer ence in sub si dence rate dur ing the Late Cre ta ceous be tween the ar eas ex tend ing on the two sides of the pres ent-day Mid-Pol ish Swell. Much higher sub si dence rates dur ing de po si tion of suc ces sion K4 oc curred in the area ex tend ing to the SW of the swell. The max i mum sub si dence zone mi grated with time from the Pom er a nian and Kujavian seg ments to wards the Kujavian and Lublin seg ments. The lithofacies pat tern is pre sented in seven maps con structed for in di vid ual eustatically and tec toni cally con trolled cy cles: K3-II-
Objectives: This article compares 2 variants of logging technologies at the motor-manual level: variant A -cutting and delimbing by means of a petrol chainsaw, skidding with the use of a cable winch mounted on a tractor (67-74 kW); variant B -cutting by means of a petrol chainsaw, skidding, debranching and cutting to length by means of a processor aggregated with a farm tractor (61 kW). Material and Methods: Direct dosimetry and non-parametric (moving block bootstrap) methods were used in order to specify the characteristics of the collected sets. Results: Bootstrap average values show that the average CO concentration at a skidding tractor operator's station during early thinning was 2.54 mg×m -3 . At processor operator's station it amounted to 10.35 mg×m -3 . Such results allow to conclude that a higher CO concentration at the above-mentioned 2 work stations was observed during early thinning. In the case of a petrol chainsaw operator, it was observed that the permissible exposure limit (23 mg×m -3 ) was exceeded and the short-term permissible exposure limit (117 mg×m -3 ) was not. The average concentration value for a chainsaw operator working individually during late thinning interventions was substantially lower (15.01 mg×m -3 ), which results from the lack of technological pressure that can be observed while cooperating with a processor operator. Conclusions: The risk increases along with conditions that generate the concentration of exhaust produced by 2-stroke petrol chainsaw engines.
Leszczyñski, K., 2017. The sig nif i cance of Up per Cre ta ceous hardgrounds and other dis con ti nu ity sur faces for ba sin-wide cor re la tions, based on drillcore data from bore holes in north ern Po land. Geo log i cal Quar terly, 61 (4): 825-844, doi: 10.7306/gq.1375The pa per pres ents the hardgrounds and some other cor re la tive dis con ti nu ity sur faces found in Up per Cre ta ceous (Cenomanian-Maastrichtian) bore hole sec tions of north ern Po land. They were briefly de scribed, and depositional en vi ronment was iden ti fied for both the un der ly ing de posit (UD) and the over ly ing de posit (OD). The sig nif i cance of these fea tures for both ba sin-wide cor re la tions and broadly un der stood se quence strati graphic tech niques is high lighted. They were cor related with other ma jor dis con ti nu ity sur faces iden ti fied in bore holes of north ern Po land in both drill cores and well logs if such iden ti fi ca tion was re li able based on geo phys i cal bore hole data. All these dis con ti nu ity sur faces were re ferred to the boundaries of the in di vid ual depositional cy cles de ter mined within the Up per Cre ta ceous suc ces sion: K3-II/K3-III, K3-III/K3-IV, K3-IV/K4-I, K3-IV/K4-II, K4-I/K4-II (or II or IV or V), K4-III/K4-IV (or V), K4-IVa/K4-IVb, prob a bly K4-IVb/K4-V, and K4-V/Pc-I. The dis con ti nu ity sur faces can be re lated to both sea level fluc tu a tions and tec tonic ac tiv ity dur ing the Subhercynian phases. Most of them de vel oped in rel a tively calm sed i men tary con di tions, out side the cen tral part of the Mid-Pol ish Trough. The excep tions are three hardgrounds from the Cz³opa-Szamotu³y Zone, which seem to be as so ci ated mainly with the Late Cre taceous tec tonic (in clud ing salt tec ton ics) ac tiv ity of this zone. The most com mon UD/OD con fig u ra tion of sed i men tary en vi ron ments is the open-ma rine car bon ate shelf both be neath and above the dis con ti nu ity sur face. The sec ond most common sit u a tion is the open-ma rine car bon ate shelf be neath and the open-ma rine shelf with car bon ate-si li ceous sed i men ta tion above. The gaps at the sur faces span var i ously long in ter vals, rang ing from short pe ri ods (span ning a frac tion of a depositional cy cle) to long pe ri ods (com pris ing one or more depositional cy cles). The po si tion of the dis con ti nu ity sur faces fa cil i tates search ing for any pos si ble hi a tuses in the sec tions of other bore holes, and pay ing at ten tion to lo cal changes in sed i ment dis tri bu tion pat terns, and lo cal tec tonic ac tiv ity.
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