Logging is a common practice in software engineering to provide insights into working systems. The main uses of log files have always been failure identification and root cause analysis. In recent years, novel applications of logging have emerged that benefit from automated analysis of log files, for example, real-time monitoring of system health, understanding users' behavior, and extracting domain knowledge. Although nearly every software system produces log files, the biggest challenge in log analysis is the lack of a common standard for both the content and format of log data. This paper provides a systematic review of recent literature (covering the period between 2000 and June 2021, concentrating primarily on the last five years of this period) related to automated log analysis. Our contribution is threefold: we present an overview of various research areas in the field; we identify different types of log files that are used in research, and we systematize the content of log files. We believe that this paper serves as a valuable starting point for new researchers in the field, as well as an interesting overview for those looking for other ways of utilizing log information.
Recommender systems are software tools and techniques which aim at suggesting to users items they might be interested in. Context-aware recommender systems are a particular category of recommender systems which exploit contextual information to provide more adequate recommendations. However, recommendation engines still suffer from the cold-start problem, namely where not enough information about users and their ratings is available. In this paper we introduce a method for generating a list of top k recommendations in a new user cold-start situations. It is based on a user model called Contextual Conditional Preferences and utilizes a satisfiability measure proposed in this paper. We analyze accuracy measures as well as serendipity, novelty and diversity of results obtained using three context-aware publicly available datasets in comparison with several contextual and traditional state-of-the-art baselines. We show that our method is applicable in the new user cold-start situations as well as in typical scenarios.
Abstract-Context-aware Recommender Systems aim to provide users with the most adequate recommendations for their current situation. However, an exact context obtained from a user could be too specific and may not have enough data for accurate rating prediction. This is known as the data sparsity problem. Moreover, often user preference representation depends on the domain or the specific recommendation approach used. Therefore, a big effort is required to change the method used. In this paper we present a new approach for contextual pre-filtering (i.e. using the current context to select a relevant subset of data). Our approach can be used with existing recommendation algorithms. It is based on two ontologies: Recommender System Context ontology, which represents the context, and Contextual Ontological User Profile ontology, which represents user preferences. We evaluated our approach through an offline study which showed that when used with well-known recommendation algorithms it can significantly improve the accuracy of prediction.
Abstract. The paper presents a new method for representation and processing ontological knowledge -Knowledge Cartography. This method allows for inferring implicit knowledge from both: terminological part (TBox) and assertional part (ABox) of a Description Logic ontology. The paper describes basics of the method and gives some theoretical background of the method. Knowledge Cartography stores and processes ontologies in terms of binary signatures, which gives efficient way of querying ontologies containing numerous individuals. Knowledge Cartography has been applied in KASEA -a knowledge management system that is being developed in course of a European integrated research project called PIPS. Results of efficiency experiments and ideas of further development of the system are presented and discussed.
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