Juvenile mortality of inbred young was higher than that of noninbred young in 15 of 16 species of captive ungulates. In 19 of 25 individual females, belonging to ten species, a larger percentage of young died when the female was mated to a related male than when she was mated to an unrelated male.
Chlorantraniliprole was harmless to the parasitoid wasp species tested according to IOBC classification criteria (<30% effects) and may be a useful tool in IPM programmes.
I determined daily energy requirements of captive Double-crested Cormorants (Phalucrocorux auritus) and their metabolizable energy coefficients (MECs.1 for three fish species: channel catfish (Zctalurus punctatus), gizzard-shad (Dorosorna cepedianum), and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Ad libitum intake ranged from 264 to 503 g.bird-"day-l among tests, resulting in metabolizable energy values of 6 16 to 1,334 kJ. kg-' ' day-'. Ninety percent of the marker carmine red was recovered in 48 hr, suggesting that collection periods should be ca. three days to determine digestion efficiencies. Estimated MECs ranged from 77.9% to 89.2% among fish diets, with bluegill < channel catfish = gizzard shad. No seasonal differences were found for MECs of catfish. Nitrogen corrections reduced MECs to approximately 75% for bluegill, 78% for gizzard shad, and 79% for channel catfish.
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