This research asks and answers a question that had been avoided by all the previous research on biofuels impacts. That is, to what extent are the US and EU biofuels sustainability criteria binding in the sense that if applied, sufficient land would be available to implement the programs? In answering the question, we simulate the global land by agro-ecological zone that would be needed to supply feedstocks for the US and EU biofuel programs using an advanced version of the GTAP-BIO model. Then we estimate the global area of land that would not be available due to sustainability criteria restrictions, again by agro-ecological zone. Finally, we determine the extent to which the US and EU sustainability criteria are binding and find that they are not binding at the biofuel levels currently targeted by the US and EU. In addition, we evaluate the same question, but this time freezing global food consumption, and get the same answer-plenty of land is available to meet the targets and supply food demands.
Although Thailand cassava agro-industry is the huge industry generating high agricultural income for all involving actors; this industry still faces many troubles. Therefore, it is challenging on analysis of stability in this industry. The problems are from internal and external sources. The main analysis method chosen is internal-external analysis to understand the structure of the industry and to identify the key elements possibly propelling Thai cassava industry to stability. The stability of industry will occur if farmers can be self-sufficient in terms of economic gain. All of actors should join force as cluster in production technology improvement, Research and Development (R&D) of new and higher value products, and new market regionalization. Keywords: Cassava; Thai; Stability; Agro-Industry; Internal-External Analysis
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