Sprites have been detected in video camera observations from Niger over mesoscale convective systems in Nigeria during the 2006 AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis) campaign. The parent lightning flashes have been detected by multiple Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) receiving stations worldwide. The recorded charge moments of the parent lightning flashes are often in excellent agreement between different receiving sites, and are furthermore consistent with conventional dielectric breakdown in the mesosphere as the origin of the sprites. Analysis of the polarization of the horizontal magnetic field at the distant receivers provides evidence that the departure from linear magnetic polarization at ELF is caused primarily by the day-night asymmetry of the Earth-ionosphere cavity.
To determine the recommended phase II dose of vinorelbine in combination with cisplatin and thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 18 patients received cisplatin (80 mg/m 2 ) on day 1 and vinorelbine (20 mg/m 2 in level 1, and 25 mg/m 2 in level 2) on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks for 4 cycles. TRT consisted of a single dose of 2 Gy once daily for 3 weeks followed by a rest of 4 days, and then the same TRT for 3 weeks to a total dose of 60 Gy. Fifteen (83%) patients received 60 Gy of TRT and 14 (78%) patients received 4 cycles of chemotherapy. Ten (77%) of 13 patients at level 1 and all 5 patients at level 2 developed grade 3-4 neutropenia. Four (31%) patients at level 1 and 3 (60%) patients at level 2 developed grade 3-4 infection. None developed ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥grade 3 esophagitis or lung toxicity. Dose-limiting toxicity was noted in 33% of the patients in level 1 and in 60% of the patients in level 2. The overall response rate (95% confidence interval) was 83% (59-96%) with 15 partial responses. The median survival time was 30.4 months, and the 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 72%, 61%, and 50%, respectively. In conclusion, the recommended dose is the level 1 dose, and this regimen is feasible and promising in patients with stage III NSCLC. tage III locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 25% of all lung cancer cases.
1)Successful treatment of this disease rests on the control of both clinically apparent intrathoracic disease and occult systemic micrometastases, and therefore a combination of systemic chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy is indicated in many patients with good performance status and no pleural effusion.2) Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is superior to the sequential approach, as shown by recent phase III trials in unresectable stage III NSCLC, in which the median survival time was 15.0 to 17.0 months in the concurrent arm and 13.3 to 14.6 months in the sequential arm, although acute esophagitis was more severe in the concurrent arm.3-5) Chemotherapy regimens combined with simultaneous thoracic radiotherapy have consisted of cisplatin plus etoposide and cisplatin plus vinca alkaloids, 3,4) and a combination of cisplatin plus vindesine, with or without mitomycin, has been widely used in Japan. [5][6][7][8] Vinorelbine, a new semisynthetic vinca alkaloid with a substitution in the catharanthine ring, interacts with tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins in a manner different from the older vinca alkaloids, and it more selectively depolymerizes microtubules in mitotic spindles. 9) Several randomized trials have shown vinorelbine to be more active against advanced or metastatic NSCLC than vindesine as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin.10-13) Thus, incorporation of vinorelbine into concurrent chemoradiotherapy instead of vindesine is an important strategy for the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC. The objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and reco...
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