Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are the most promising low-cost photovoltaic devices. Whereas, the absorption bands of most organic sensitizers, the most vital component in DSSCs, are limited to a relatively narrow visible range. To obtain efficient sensitizer, a series of D–A−π–A metal-free dyes have been designed based on one of the best sensitizers WS-9 by modifying auxiliary acceptor and characterized theoretically. The results illustrate that introduction of auxiliary heterocycle acceptor is revealed to very narrow band gap (HOMO–LUMO), leading to an obvious red-shifted broad near-infrared absorption band in the range of 750–1950 nm compared to WS-9 (536 nm). The critical parameters in close connection with the short-circuit current density (J sc), open circuit voltage (V oc), including singlet excited state lifetime (τ), total dipole moments (μnormal), the conduction band of edge of the semiconductor substrate (ΔE CB), and regeneration driving forces (ΔG reg) are superior to those of WS-9. Therefore, these novel sensitizers would be a promising candidate for improving the performance of the DSSCs.

Multi-functional photo-imaging garners attention towards the development of universal safety-net sensor networks. Although there are urgent needs to comprehensively address the optical information from arbitrarily structured and located targets, investigations on multi-view sensitive broadband monitoring, being independent of the operating environment, are yet to be completed. This study presents a robot-assisted, photo-source and imager implanted, multi-view stereoscopic sensitive broadband photo-monitoring platform with reflective and transmissive switchable modes. A multifaceted photo-thermoelectric device design based on flexible carbon nanotube films facilitates the prototype demonstrations of non-destructive, target-structure-independent, free-form multi-view examinations on actual three-dimensional industrial components. Further functionalisation, namely, a portable system utilising three-dimensional printing and ultraviolet processing, achieves the unification of freely attachable photo-imagers and miniature photo-sources, enabling location-independent operation. Consequently, the non-destructive unmanned, remote, high-speed, omni-directional testing of a defective aerial miniature model winding road-bridge with a robot-assisted photo-source imager built into a multi-axis movable photo-thermoelectric monitor arm is demonstrated.

Chemical monitoring communicates diverse environmental information from industrial and biological processes. However, promising and sustainable systems and associated inspection devices that dynamically enable on-site quality monitoring of target chemicals confined inside transformable and opaque channels are yet to be investigated. This paper designs stretchable photo-sensor patch sheets for nonsampling, source-free, and label-free on-site dynamic chemical monitoring of liquids flowing inside soft tubes via simple deformable surface wrapping. The device integrates carbon nanotube–based broadband photo-absorbent thin films with multilayer-laminated stretchable electrodes and substrates. The patterned rigid-soft structure of the proposed device provides durability and optical stability against mechanical deformations with a stretchability range of 70 to 280%, enabling shape-conformable attachments to transformable objects. The effective use of omnidirectional and transparent blackbody radiation from free-form targets themselves allows compact measurement configuration and enhances the functionality and simplicity of this scheme, while the presenting technology monitors concentrations of arbitrary water-soluble chemicals.

As flexible wearable sensors and imagers are receiving attention from diverse social sectors, the freely attachable photothermoelectric (PTE) conversion technique should be evaluated to develop a highly usable safety sensor network. Although carbon nanotube (CNT)‐related materials should be effective, the key parameters/structures that maximize PTE conversion have not been clarified, thus hindering optimum device design and practical use. Herein, the flexible, sensitive broadband photodetection operation based on a coupling configuration between the CNT film photo/heat/electron channel and metal electrode is evaluated. Experimental PTE measurements and steady‐state thermal distribution simulations reveal that a series coupling of a p‐type CNT film channel and a highly negative Seebeck coefficient counter metal electrode facilitate superior photodetection performances than those of a parallel coupling configuration. Furthermore, subsequent device designs provide sensitive broadband photodetection from the millimeter‐wave to visible light wavelength regions with a minimum noise equivalent power of 5 pWHz−1/2 in an uncooled nonvacuum condition. Simultaneously, the mechanical flexibility of the proposed photodetector allows for its use in freely attachable sheet imager applications on curvilinear objects, and the nondestructive 3D photomonitoring of a defective intricately bent sample is demonstrated.

The electronic structures and absorption spectra for a series of acene-based organic dyes and the adsorption energy and optical properties for these dyes adsorbed on (TiO2)38 have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods. The effects of acene units and different substitution positions of electron donors on the optoelectronic properties of the acene-modified dyes are demonstrated. The photophysical properties of tetracene- and pentacene-based dyes are found to be tuned by changing the size of acene and the substitution position of the donor. The donor sites have a significant influence on the absorption wavelength mainly because of different molecular orbital (MO) contributions of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) on the bridging acene units, and the increasing MO contribution would lead to the red shift in the absorption spectra. Meanwhile, the donor is located close to the center of the π-conjugated bridge, and the absorption spectra are extended. The adsorption energy and optical properties of tetracene- and pentacene-based dyes adsorbed on (TiO2)38 suggest that acene-bridged dyes could be adsorbed on the TiO2 surface and inject electrons into semiconductors effectively. Then the results obtained from the hexacene-based dyes confirm the conclusions proposed from the tetracene- and pentence-based dyes. This study will provide a useful reference to the future design and optimization of acene dyes for dye-sensitized solar cell applications.

Terahertz (THz) imaging is expected to become powerful tools for nondestructive inspections. To ensure the practical use of THz non-destructive monitoring, versatile THz imagers with adjustable designs that can eliminate the complexities and the bulkiness of the device are urgently required. Herein, a self-aligned filtration process for a 2D, free-standing carbon nanotube film array and its application to a THz video camera patch are reported. The presented techniques enable a) to freely design the camera size, sensor array pattern, and suspended shape according to its applications, b) to cut the camera patch into desired shapes, and c) to attach them to the objects that are intended to be measured. Real-time, non-destructive monitoring of various infrastructures is demonstrated. These results indicate that it can function regardless of restrictions, such as the shapes and locations of the measurement samples, thus providing a strong possibility for use in future non-destructive sensor networks.

The hydrogen abstraction and addition reactions of OH radical with A·U base pair have been explored by using density functional theory (DFT) both in gas phase and in aqueous solution. Solvent effects were taken into consideration by using the polarized continuum model. All the reaction pathways are exothermic in energy, and the compounds in aqueous phase are more favorable than those in gas phase. The relative free energies of adducts in the addition reaction are lower than those obtained for products in hydrogen abstraction reaction. Among dehydrogenation reaction, the hydrogen abstractions from AC2·U and AN6·U sites are more favorable than those from AC8·U, A·UC5, and A·UC6 sites. In addition, hydroxylation at AC8·U, A·UC5, and A·UC6 sites are more probable than other investigated positions. The hydroxylation at AH8·U site is most favorable, and hydroxylation at A·UC5 site is more preference than that at A·UC6 site controlled by the kinetics factors. The data in both gas phase and water solution demonstrated that addition of OH radical to A·UC5 and A·UC6 sites are more thermodynamically and kinetically favorable than abstracting the hydrogen atom form A·UC5 and A·UC6 sites. The phenomena are in agreement with the experimental observations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

C. The hydroxylation reactions at G . C C5 and G C8.C sites appear to be barrierless, and the sequence of the barrier energy is G .C. The results indicate that hydroxylation at G C base pair. Considering the solvent effects by using the polarizable continuum model, the stabilities of all the compounds are increased significantly. Little change is taken place on the data of the reaction energies and barrier energies. Their sequences and the stability order follow the same trends like them in gas phase. The fluctuation of natural bond orbital charge further confirms that the hydroxylation reactions are exothermic. And transient spectra computed with the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) match well with the previous experimental and theoretical reports. Our deduced mechanism is in good agreement with the experimentally observed hydroxylated adducts.