Combating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the greatest challenges in cancer therapy. This is primarily due to the difficulties in developing drug delivery systems that can effectively target cancer sites. In this study, we demonstrated a proof-of-principle concept using modified surfaces of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles linked with a riboflavin analogue (PLGA-CSRf) to obtain a dualfunctional material. PLGA-CSRf nanoparticles were able to function as a drug delivery ligand and a photodynamic therapy agent for TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231). Biocompatibility of novel PLGA-CSRf nanoparticles was evaluated with both breast cancer and normal breast (MCF-10A) cells. In vitro studies revealed a six-fold increase in the cellular uptake of PLGA-CSRf nanoparticles in cancer cells compared with normal cells. The results demonstrate the ability of riboflavin (Rf) to enhance the delivery of PLGA nanoparticles to TNBC cells. The viability of TNBC cells was decreased following treatment with doxorubicin-encapsulated PLGA-CSRf nanoparticles in combination with UV irradiation, due to the photosensitizing property of Rf on the surface of the nanoparticles. This work demonstrated the ability of PLGA-CSRf to function both as an effective drug delivery carrier and as a therapeutic entity, with the potential to enhance photodynamic effects in the highly aggressive TNBC model.
-Hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase component 1 () is a useful enzyme for generating reduced flavin and NAD intermediates. In this study, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were used to encapsulate the (PLGA- NPs). Enzymatic activity, stability, and reusability of PLGA- NPs prepared using three different methods [oil in water (o/w), water in oil in water (w/o/w), and solid in oil in water (s/o/w)] were compared. The s/o/w provided the optimal conditions for encapsulation of (PLGA- NPs), giving the highest enzyme activity, stability, and reusability. The s/o/w method improves enzyme activity ∼11 and 9-fold compared to w/o/w (PLGA- NPs) and o/w (PLGA- NPs). In addition, s/o/w prepared PLGA- NPs could be reused 14 times with nearly 50% activity remaining, a much higher reusability compared to PLGA- NPs and PLGA- NPs. These nanovesicles were successfully utilised to generate reduced flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and supply this cofactor to a hydroxylase enzyme that has application for synthesising anti-inflammatory compounds. Therefore, this recycling biocatalyst prepared using the s/o/w method is effective and has the potential for use in combination with other enzymes that require reduced FMN. Application of PLGA- NPs may be possible in additional biocatalytic processes for chemical or biochemical production.
Background: Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in drug delivery applications because of its excellent properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability along with its abilities to deliver hydrophobic drugs, increase drug bioavailability, and improve drug absorption to targeted cells in both oral and parenteral administrations. The PLGA NPs can be synthesized using emulsion solvent evaporation method. Each parameter during synthesis play a role in formation of nanoparticles and could affect to form different NP sizes which is an important factor for successful development of drug delivery system. Aims: The aim of this study is to prepare different sizes of PLGA NPs by investigation of four factors (molecular weight (MW) of PLGA, emulsifier concentrations, organic solvent type and power of ultrasonication) that involve in PLGA nanoparticle synthesis.Methods: PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method. Size and size distribution were analyzed by dynamic light scattering and polydispersity index (PdI).Results: The effect of four parameters: PLGA MW, emulsifier concentrations, solvent types, and amplitude of ultrasonication on PLGA NPs preparation were evaluated. Changing one parameter results in different sizes of PLGA NPs varied from 150-300 nm. PdI which is an indicator for determination of size distribution of NPs are also varied with overall value less than 0.2.Conclusion: MW of PLGA polymer, emulsifier concentration, type of organic solvent and power of ultrasonication affect the size and size distribution of PLGA NPs.
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