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This paper presents a new interpolation method suitable for increasing the measurement resolution obtainable from quadrature encoder signals. Based on the existing sinusoidal signals, high-order sinusoids can be derived, from which binary pulses can be generated, which can be decoded using only standard servo controllers for position information. A look-up table, constructed off-line, serves as the inferencing engine for the proposed method. Imperfections in the encoder signals can be directly compensated for in the look-up table, including mean and phase offsets, amplitude difference, and waveform distortion. Simulation and experimental results are provided in this paper.

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An enhanced automatic tuning procedure developed for process control of PI and PID controllers addresses several potential problems present in current standard autotuners. The proposed enhanced autotuner uses a novel technique based on relay feedback to estimate the process frequency response at two specified phase lags on the Nyquist curve automatically. An iterative procedure then uses these two points to obtain a transfer--function model of the process. Based on this model and a controller-selection scheme, an appropriate controller (PI or PID) is applied to the process automatically. The controller is tuned so that the Nyquist curve of the compensated system is appropriately shaped to satisfy a combined gain and phase-margin type of specGcation. The effectiveness of this enhanced autotuner is demonstrated both in simulations and in real-time experiments for level control of a coupled-tanks system. frequency can be identified. When the critical point, that is, the ultimate gain and frequency, is known, it is straightforward to apply the classic Ziegler-Nichols tuning rules (1943)

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We present a new compensation technique for a friction model, which captures problematic friction effects such as Stribeck effects, hysteresis, stick-slip limit cycling, pre-sliding displacement and rising static friction. The proposed control utilizes a PD control structure and an adaptive estimate of the friction force. Specifically, a radial basis function (RBF) is used to compensate the effects of the unknown nonlinearly occurring Stribeck parameter in the friction model. The main analytical result is a stability theorem for the proposed compensator which can achieve regional stability of the closed-loop system. Furthermore, we show that the transient performance of the resulting adaptive system is analytically quantified. To support the theoretical concepts, we present dynamic simulations for the proposed control scheme.

Vehicle lane-level localization is a fundamental technology in autonomous driving. To achieve accurate and consistent performance, a common approach is to use the LIDAR technology. However, it is expensive and computational demanding, and thus not a practical solution in many situations. This paper proposes a stereovision system, which is of low cost, yet also able to achieve high accuracy and consistency. It integrates a new lane line detection algorithm with other lane marking detectors to effectively identify the correct lane line markings. It also fits multiple road models to improve accuracy. An effective stereo 3D reconstruction method is proposed to estimate vehicle localization. The estimation consistency is further guaranteed by a new particle filter framework, which takes vehicle dynamics into account. Experiment results based on image sequences taken under different visual conditions showed that the proposed system can identify the lane line markings with 98.6% accuracy. The maximum estimation error of the vehicle distance to lane lines is 16 cm in daytime and 26 cm at night, and the maximum estimation error of its moving direction with respect to the road tangent is 0.06 rad in daytime and 0.12 rad at night. Due to its high accuracy and consistency, the proposed system can be implemented in autonomous driving vehicles as a practical solution to vehicle lane-level localization.