PurposeTo evaluate the correlation between hypertropia and excyclotorsion in acquired superior oblique palsy (SOP).MethodsThirty-one patients with acquired unilateral SOP were recruited for this study. The torsional angle of each patient was assessed via one objective method (fundus photography) and two subjective methods (double Maddox rod test and major amblyoscope). The patient population was divided into two groups (concordance group, n = 19 and discordance group, n = 12) according to the correspondence between the hypertropic eye (paralytic eye) and the more extorted eye (non-fixating eye), which was evaluated by fundus photography.ResultsThe mean value of objective torsion was 5.09° ± 3.84°. The subjective excyclotorsion degrees were 5.18° ± 4.11° and 3.65° ± 1.93° as measured by double Maddox rod test and major amblyoscope, respectively. Hypertropia and the excyclotorsional angle did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.257). Although no correlation was found in the discordance group, the concordance group showed a significant and positive correlation between hypertropia and excyclotorsion (p = 0.011).ConclusionsTorsional deviation was not related to hypertropia. However, in the concordance patients in whom the hypertropic eye showed excyclotorsion, a significant positive correlation was found between hypertropia and excyclotorsion.
Purpose: The present study aimed to identify the characteristics and physiological function of the P2Y11 receptor, a receptor likely expressed in human retinoblastoma cells. Methods: We measured possible P2Y 11 signaling in WERI-Rb-1 cells using a Ca 2+ imaging technique and RT-PCR. Results: 1) 10 µM ATP elicited a strong but transient increase in Ca 2+ in the WERI-Rb-1 cells, and this Ca 2+ rise was well maintained after external Ca 2+ -depletion. 2) ATP-induced Ca 2+ response arose entirely through Ca 2+ mobilization. 3) P2Y11 agonist (BzATP, 100 µM) increased Ca 2+ by 31.2±3.7 % of ATP effect. 4) mRNA for P2Y11 subtype was identified using RT-PCR. Conclusions: P2Y 11 purinergic activation can increase the intracellular calcium level through calcium mobilization in undifferentiated retinoblastoma cells, which may play an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and even pathologic processes.
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