The paper provided the first data about age structure and growth of the Lataste’s toad, Bufotes latastii (Boulenger, 1882), from the Jammu and Kashmir State (India). The study of age structure of toads was carried out using skeletochronology. The minimal and maximal ages in males of B. latastii were 3 and 10 years, respectively, with mean age of 6.0 years. The majority of males (70%) were 5 or 6 years old. The age in females ranged from 4 to 10 years with mean value of 5.9 years. The majority of females (71%) were 4 – 6 years old. Males of B. latastii can reach maturation after three winterings and females after four winterings. The body length increment in males is 3.6 times, whereas in females is 3.7 – 4.0 times. After maturation, the growth rate is retarded and the individuals of different ages did not differ in its body length. In spite of maximal age of 10 years in both sexes, the largest male was 5 years old and the largest female was 4 years old.
The purpose of the research is to study helminthofauna of Caucasian toad in vivo and in vitro.
Materials and methods. Researches were conducted in vivo and in laboratory setting (Russian State Agrarian University -Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy). Fecal from mature animals catching in six places in the north Caucasus andTranscaucasia during April-May 2012-2015 were investigated. Specimen of animals contained in laboratory during 1-4 years after catching and born in vitro have also be analyzed. Method of sequential irrigation was used for detachment helminths and their ootids. Died animals were anatomized according to Skryabin's method. Total 200 fecal samples of bufo in vivo and 150 samples of animals from laboratory have been studied.Results and discussion. Results and discussion. Eggs and adult proboscis worms of four species have been found in fecal of Caucasian toad:
The European common spadefoot, Pelobates fuscus, has not been observed in Moscow since the end of the 20th century. The species is listed in the Red Data Book of Moscow (2017) as endangered or completely extinct. The paper presents new findings of P. fuscus on the territory of the city, namely, in the “Moskvoretskiy” Natural-Historical Park and the “Kosinskiy” Natural-Historical Park in August 2020.
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