An obligately anaerobic and equol-producing bacterium, designated strain do03 T , was isolated from the caecal content of a rat. Cells were Gram-positive, non-spore-forming rods. The results from a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain do03 T formed a separate line of descent in the phylogenetic cluster of the family Coriobacteriaceae. The strain was unable to metabolize glucose or other carbohydrates as sole carbon sources; growth was enhanced in the presence of arginine. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acid was C 18 : 1 cis9 (54.0 %). The strain had one unidentified predominant (91.9 %) quinone that was not menaquinone, methylmenaquinone, demethylmenaquinone, ubiquinone or rhodoquinone. The DNA G+C content was 63 mol%. The data presented in this work show that strain do03T differs from members of the related recognized genera Eggerthella and Denitrobacterium at both the phylogenetic and phenotypic level. Therefore, the strain constitutes a novel genus and species, for which the name Asaccharobacter celatus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is do03The family Coriobacteriaceae was proposed by Stackebrandt et al. (1997) Kageyama & Benno, 2000). A Gram-positive bacterium, designated strain do03 T , capable of converting daidzein to equol via dihydrodaidzein was isolated from the caecal content of a rat (Minamida et al., 2006a). The 16S rRNA gene sequence (1428 bp) of the novel strain showed highest similarity (99 %) with that of the human intestinal bacterium SNUJulong 732 (GenBank accession no. AY310748), which was capable of metabolizing dihydrodaidzein to S-equol (Wang et al., 2005). The levels of similarity with respect to members of the three recognized species of the genus Eggerthella, Eggerthella sinensis HKU14 T (AY321958), Eggerthella hongkongensis HKU10 T (AY288517) and Eggerthella lenta ATCC 25559 T (AF292375), were in the range of 93 to 94 %. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, strain do03T differed from members of the genus Eggerthella and belonged to a novel genus of the family Coriobacteriaceae (Minamida et al., 2006a). In this paper, we describe additional taxonomic characteristics of the novel strain in comparison with phylogenetically close genera, and classify it as a novel genus and species within the family Coriobacteriaceae.Cell morphology and size after anaerobic cultivation at 37 u C for 2 days in Gifu anaerobic medium (GAM) broth (Nissui) were examined using phase-contrast microscopy (Nikon). Gram-staining was performed with 3-day-old culture by using a neo-B&M kit (Wako). Colonial morphologies were viewed after cultivation on GAM agar at 37 u C for 2 days in an anaerobic chamber (N 2 /H 2 /CO 2 , 85 : 5 : 10; Coy Laboratory). Biochemical traits were determined using both conventional methods (Holdeman et al., 1977) and the API 50 CH system (bioMérieux). Enzyme activities were analysed with the API ZYM system (bioMérieux) using bacteria harvested from GAM broth supplemented with ...
Secondary bile acid-producing bacteria were isolated from human feces to improve our appreciation of the functional diversity and redundancy of the intestinal microbiota. In total, 619 bacterial colonies were isolated using a nutrient-poor agar medium and the level of secondary bile acid formation was examined in each by a liquid culture, followed by thin-layer chromatography. Of five strains analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical testing, one was identified as Bacteroides intestinalis AM-1, which was not previously recognized as a secondary bile-acid producer. GC-MS revealed that B. intestinalis AM-1 converts cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid into their 7-oxo derivatives, 7-oxo-deoxycholic acid (7-oxo-DCA) and 7-oxo-lithocholic acid, respectively. Thus, B. intestinalis AM-1 possesses 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7alpha-HSDH) activity. In liquid culture, B. intestinalis AM-1 showed a relatively higher productivity of 7-oxo-DCA than Escherichia coli HB101 and Bacteroides fragilis JCM11019(T), which are known to possess 7alpha-HSDH activity. The level of 7alpha-HSDH activity was higher in B. intestinalis AM-1 than in the other two strains under the conditions tested. The 7alpha-HSDH activity in each of the three strains is not induced by CA; instead, it is regulated in a growth phase-dependent manner.
Indigo fermentation has been traditionally performed for dyeing textiles in Japan. Limited information is available on the microbiota involved and the succession of the bacterial community structure during indigo reduction. We investigated the bacterial community structure associated with indigo fermentation using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and clone library analyses of a PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene in the early phase of fermentation carried out in our laboratory. A marked substitution of Halomonas spp. by Amphibacillus spp. was observed corresponding to the marked change in the state of indigo reduction. Although the reported indigo-reducing bacteria, Alkalibacterium spp., were not predominant in the early phase of fermentation, they were predominant in fermentation liquor aged for 10 months obtained from Date City, Japan, as determined by culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses. Novel indigo-reducing strains, Amphibacillus spp. strain C40 and Oceanobacillus spp. strain A21, were isolated from fermentation liquor aged for 10 months and from liquor aged for 4 days, respectively. It is considered that, in addition to the strains belonging to the genus Alkalibacterium, strains belonging to genera Amphibacillus and Oceanobacillus play important roles in sustaining the reduced state of indigo during fermentation.
To elucidate the effects of Lilac LAB (Bacillus coagulans lilac-01 and okara [soy pulp] powder) on bowel movements/fecal properties, we conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial with healthy Japanese volunteers with a tendency for constipation (n = 297). The subjects ingested 2 g/d placebo (okara powder) or test food (Lilac LAB, 1 × 10(8) CFU) once a day for 2 weeks. In the test group of functionally constipated subjects, the changes in the average scores of self-reported fecal size, sensation of incomplete evacuation, and defecation frequency were significantly improved compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05), and fecal color and odor tended to improve (p = 0.07). In the test food group of all subjects and among the non-functionally constipated subjects, the fecal size tended to improve compared to the placebo group (p = 0.06, p = 0.07, respectively). Lilac LAB was effective in improving bowel movements and fecal properties in functionally constipated persons.
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