One of the pillars to run businesses is the telecommunications. Most of the institutions are migrating, if not already migrated, to Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology. However, VoIP still need some improvements, in terms of networks bandwidth exploitation and VoIP call quality, to meet the businesses expectations. Networks bandwidth exploitation, which is our concern in this paper, has been enhanced using different approaches and methods. This paper suggests a new method to enhance networks bandwidth exploitation Packet's payload shrinking (compression) approach. The suggested method works with the RTP protocol and called RTP Payload Shrinking (RPS) method. As the name implies, the RPS method will reduce the size of the RTP packet payload, through shrinking it based on specific algorithm, which enhances the networks bandwidth exploitation. The RPS method utilizes the RTP fields to store the values that are needed to apply the shrinking algorithm at the sender and receiver sides. The effectiveness of the proposed RPS method has been examined in comparison to conventional RTP protocol without shrinking. The deployment result showed that the saved bandwidth ratio has reached up to nearly 17% in the tested scenarios. Therefore, enhancing the network bandwidth exploitation.
Because of Covid-19, many countries shutdown schools in order to prevent spreading the virus in their communities. Therefore, schools have opted to use online learning technologies that support distance learning for students. As consequences, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research encourages higher education institutes to adopt blended learning in their programs. However, different students react in different ways to online learning. Some students were able to make productive use of online learning strategies more than others. A conceptual model based on 15 variables was constructed based on UTAUT2, TAM, and other models to investigate and to study the factors that affect students' acceptance of online learning. 29 hypotheses were investigated to study the relationships among the variables that affect online learning acceptance and online learning community building in Al-Ahliyya Amman University. The collected responses were analyzed using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. SPSS and AMOS were used to analyze the data.
The revolution of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology has propagated everywhere and replaced the conventional telecommunication technology (e.g. landline). Nevertheless, several enhancements need to be done on VoIP technology to improve its performance. One of the main issues is to improve the VoIP network bandwidth (BW) utilization. VoIP packet payload compression is one of the key approaches to do that. This paper proposes a new method to compress VoIP packet payload. The suggested method works over internet telephony transport protocol (ITTP) and named Delta-ITTP method. The core idea of the Delta-ITTP method is to find and transmit the delta between the successive VoIP packet payloads, which is typically smaller than the original VoIP packet payload. The suggested Delta-ITTP method implements VoIP packet payload compression at the sender side and decompression at the receiver side. During the compression process, the Delta-ITTP method needs to keep some values to restore the original VoIP packet payload at the receiver side. For this, the Delta-ITTP method utilizes some of the IP protocol fields and no additional header is needed. The Delta-ITTP method has been deployed and compared with the traditional ITTP protocol without compression. The result showed that up to 19% BW saving was achieved in the tested cases leading to the desired enhancement in the VoIP network BW utilization.
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