Scrotal elephantiasis has been a recognized complication of inguinal node irradiation, filarial infection, tumor involvement and surgical lymphatic destruction, but has rarely been reported in association with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). HS, also known as acne inversa, is a chronic and often debilitating disease primarily affecting the axillae, inframammary regions and perineum. The location of the lesions may lead to social embarrassment and failure to seek medical treatment. Scroto-preineal HS complicated by scrotal elephantiasis is a distressing disease. Excisional surgery with reconstruction is the recommended treatment with a high likelihood of good outcome. We present a 38-year-old male patient with long-standing scroto-perineal HS complicated by giant scrotal elephantiasis.
Purpose:The aim is to assess the outcomes of different approaches for the management of renal stones associated with horseshoe kidneys (HSKs) in our institution over a 12-year period.Methods:A retrospective review of 144 patients with HSKs who presented from 2000 to 2012 was performed. Twenty-eight patients (19.4%) were found to have renal stones. Demographic data were collected; the method of treatment and the outcomes of stone management were reviewed. We excluded patients with non-functioning moieties and associated genitourinary anomalies, and those with incomplete data.Results:We included 25 patients, of which 16 males (64%) and 9 females (36%), with a mean age of 37 years. Mean serum creatinine level was 66 mmol/L. Eleven patients with a stone size <8 mm were treated expectantly with medical treatment, with only one patient requiring endoscopic intervention. Six patients (24%) with a stone size between 1 cm and ≤2 cm were treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with the placement of double J stents, and seven patients (28%) with a stone size of >2 cm were treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. One patient with a 10 mm stone was treated using flexible ureteroscopy. No significant perioperative complications were encountered.Conclusions:Indications, methods of treatment, and outcomes of management of stones associated with HSKs were comparable to those for stones associated with normal kidneys. Tailored approach based on stone size is highly recommended. ESWL accompanied with ureteric stenting is a promising strategy for the management of stones associated with HSKs in selected patients requiring intervention.
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