Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) is a by-product from the generation of electricity using pulverized coal; Tanjung Bin power plant in Malaysia is a coal-based power plant that generates tonnes of bottom ash daily without known economic value that ends up in the ash pond. Due to the problems associated with the disposal ash pond in terms of cost and environmental impact, attention has now been focused on how best to utilize this waste. This paper present the recent development achieved on the utilization of bottom ash from Tanjung Bin power plant Malaysia in concrete development; physical and chemical properties, workability and fresh concrete properties as well as the strength development of Tanjung Bin bottom ash.
Internet of Thing (IoT) is one of the elements that drive the development of the Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0). Therefore, IoT has become the most important agenda in the globalization era including the field of education. The IoT element has been widely engaged in higher education syllabus. However, in COVID 19 pandemic, the teaching and learning process for IoT becomes more challenging and difficult to deliver. As a solution, the Educational Kit for IoT Online Learning has been developed. This online learning kit will help students to practically learn the IoT without a face to face lecture. The objectives of the paper are to provide an overview of existing IoT education solutions and to develop IoT online learning kit. This learning kit consists of IoT development hardware and software which are equipped with a camera that connected to the online conference software. This paper will explain the development of the kit. Compared to other kits, this learning kit can directly be used for online learning and helps students to practice IoT at home, especially during a pandemic. On the other hand, IoT Online Kits is a pioneer in higher education for practical online learning.
The aim of the study is to investigate the potential use of water treatment sludge in brick properties as building material. The sludge was collected from water treatment plant and the percentages used in the mixes were 3%, 5%, 7%, 10% 15%, 20%, 40%, and 60% by weight of sand in brick. The specimen without sludge was prepared for comparison. The testing involved chemical analysis of sludges using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) technique. Testing of compressive strength was done for hardened state properties. The samples were cured at 7 and 28 days, and the average of three samples of brick samples was measured. The results revealed that the waste sludges had higher components of Zn, Cu, Pb, and As, which was trace element concentrations in the dry sludge samples. Comparisons in terms of strength were made from the control and brick containing sludge specimens. It was observed that sludge in brick performed better when mixed with 5% as partial replacement of sand. However, the more the addition of percentages of sludge in brick, the lesser the strength observed. It can be concluded that waste treatment sludge as a result from the process of water treatment can be utilized as partial replacement of sand in brick production.
Highlights a. Twenty two Malaysian commercial timber species were determining their natural durability against termites based on European Standard EN350:1994. b. Only 5 Malaysian timber species are better than Pinus spp. i.e. 2 species fall under durable class and 3 species under moderately durable. c. Certain treatments are needed especially to susceptible timber species in order to ensure a longer service life of the wood.
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