Introduction Resistance exercises (RE) performed at high intensity cause an inflammatory response and electrolyte abnormalities in blood plasma. Objectives To study the plasma electrolyte changes resulting from a high-intensity session of RE in untrained volunteers, and to correlate these with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Methods Twenty volunteers, aged 26.9 (±4.4) years, underwent an RE session. The workout (leg extension, squat and leg press) consisted of four sets of 10 maximum repetitions. Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca2+ e Mg2+) were evaluated before the training (baseline), immediately (0 min), and 30 minutes after the RE. The DOMS was assessed 24 hours after the sessions. Results The Na+ increased immediately after the RE and returned to normal after 30 min (p<0.001). After 30 min, K+ increased compared to baseline levels and immediately after the RE (p<0.001). Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels did not change throughout the study. Changes in Na+ and K+ levels were correlated immediately (r=-0.511; p=0.021) and 30 min (r=-0.455; p=0.049) after RE. Plasma concentrations of Na+ 0 min were correlated (r=-0.520; p=0.018) with the DOMS. Conclusion High-intensity RE in untrained volunteers leads to changes in plasma concentrations of Na+ and K+. Na+ concentrations immediately after RE were related to DOMS; individuals that presented smaller alterations in this electrolyte reported more muscular pain. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Development of diagnostic criteria on consecutive patients (with universally applied reference “gold” standard).
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