The acceleration of consolidation rate by stone columns was mostly analyzed within the framework of a basic unit cell ͑i.e., a cylindrical soil body around a column͒. A method of converting the axisymmetric unit cell into the equivalent plane-strain model would be required for two-dimensional numerical modeling of multicolumn field applications. This paper proposes two simplified conversion methods to obtain the equivalent plane-strain model of the unit cell, and investigates their applicability to multicolumn reinforced ground. In the first conversion method, the soil permeability is matched according to an analytical equation, whereas in the second method, the column width is matched based on the equivalence of column area. The validity of these methods is tested by comparison with the numerical results of unit-cell simulations and with the field data from an embankment case history. The results show that for the case of linear-elastic material modeling, both methods produce reasonably accurate long-term consolidation settlements, whereas for the case of elastoplastic material modeling, the second method is preferable as the first one gives erroneously lower long-term settlements.
Background. Microvascular free tissue transfer has become increasingly popular in the reconstruction of head and neck defects, but it also has its disadvantages. Tissue engineering allows the generation of neo-tissue for implantation, but these tissues are often avascular. We propose to combine tissue-engineering techniques together with flap prefabrication techniques to generate a prefabricated vascularized soft tissue flap.Methods. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) labeled with fluorescein diacetate were static seeded onto polylactic-co-glycolic acid-collagen (PLGA-c) mesh. Controls were plain PLGA-c mesh. The femoral artery and vein of the nude rat was ligated and used as a vascular carrier for the constructs. After 4 weeks of implantation, the constructs were assessed by gross morphology, routine histology, Masson trichrome, and cell viability determined by green fluorescence.
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