Phylogeographical patterns of marine and diadromous organisms are often influenced by dynamic ocean histories. For example, the marine realm around the Japanese Archipelago is an interesting area for phylogeographical research because of the wide variation in the environments driven by repeated shifts in sea level in the Quaternary. We analysed mitochondrial cyt b gene and nuclear myh6 gene sequences for individuals collected from throughout the range of the anadromous fish Leucopsarion petersii to assess the lineage divergence, phylogeographical pattern and historical demography in relation to geological history and oceanographic features around the archipelago. Leucopsarion petersii has two major lineages (the Japan Sea and Pacific Ocean lineages), which diverged during the late-early to middle Pleistocene. Geographical distributions of the two lineages were closely related to the pathways of the two warm currents, the Tsushima Current and the Kuroshio Current, that flow past the archipelago. Evidence of introgressive hybridization between these lineages was found at two secondary contact zones. Demographic tests suggested that the Japan Sea and Pacific Ocean lineages carried the genetic signal of different historical demographic processes, and these signals are probably associated with differences in habitat stability during recent glacial periods. The Japan Sea lineage has a larger body-size and more vertebrae, probably in relation to severe habitat conditions through Pleistocene climatic oscillations. Thus, the two lineages have long independent evolutionary histories, and the phylogeographical structure and demography of this species have been influenced both by historical events and the present-day oceanography around the Japanese Archipelago.

This article documents the addition of 139 microsatellite marker loci and 90 pairs of singlenucleotide polymorphism sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Aglaoctenus lagotis, Costus pulverulentus, Costus scaber, Culex pipiens, Dascyllus marginatus, Lupinus nanus Benth, Phloeomyzus passerini, Podarcis muralis, Rhododendron rubropilosum Hayata var. taiwanalpinum and Zoarces viviparus. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Culex quinquefasciatus, Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum Hay. ssp. morii (Hay.) Yamazaki and R. pseudochrysanthum Hayata. This article also documents the addition of 48 sequencing primer pairs and 90 allele-specific primers for Engraulis encrasicolus. et al.

Nematodes of the family Philometridae Baylis et Daubney, 1926 include a large number of species parasitic in the body cavity and various body tissues of fishes (Moravec 2006). to date, 26 species of these parasites have been reported from marine and freshwater fishes in Japanese waters, including representatives of the genera Clavinema Yamaguti, 1935, Philometra costa, 1845 and Philometroides Yamaguti, 1935(ishii 1916a,b, 1931, Yamaguti 1935, 1941, 1961, Fujita 1940, Machida 1970, Moravec and Nagasawa 1989, Moravec et al. 1998, 2002, Nagasawa 2008, Quiazon et al. 2008a. However, it can be expected that the Japanese fauna of philometrids, particularly of those parasitizing marine fishes, is still little known and most species have not yet been discovered.During recent investigations into the parasites of some marine fishes from the Sea of Japan, off the coast of Japan, gravid female specimens of philometrid nematodes were collected from the yellow goby Acanthogobius flavimanus (temminck et schlegel), Pterogobius elapoides (günther) and Pterogobius zonoleucus Jordan et snyder (all gobiidae, Perciformes), and from the horsehead tilefish Branchiostegus japonicus (Houttuyn) (Malacanthidae, Perciformes). Taxonomic evaluation of this nematode material is presented in this paper.Acanthogobius flavimanus (maximum size 30 cm) is a commercial temperate marine, brackish and freshwater fish occurring mainly along the shore of bays and estuaries, distributed in Japan, Korea and siberia. two other gobiids, P. elapoides (maximum size 8.3 cm) and P. zonoleucus (maximum size 6.7 cm), are small temperate marine fishes occurring near rocky shores, distributed in the Northwest Pacific (P. elapoides from central Japan and Korea to Hong Kong, P. zonoleucus in Japan and the Korean Peninsula). Branchiostegus japonicus (maximum size 46 cm) is a commercial tropical marine fish, distributed in the western Pacific from central Honshu to the south china sea, also reported as far south as the Arafura sea (Froese and Pauly 2011). Materials and MethodsFour specimens of Pterogobius elapoides were sampled during scUBA diving in the southern sea of Japan, off sekumi (35°33′N, 135°50′E) 3 school of Marine science and technology, tokai University, 3-20-1 orido, shimizu, shizuoka 424-8610, Japan abstract: Gravid females of two species of philometrid nematodes (Philometridae) were collected from marine perciform fishes in Japanese waters, mainly from the southern Sea of Japan. Based on light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy examinations, the previously described but poorly known species Philometra cryptocentri Yamaguti, 1961 is redescribed from specimens recovered from the abdominal cavity of Acanthogobius flavimanus (temminck et schlegel), Pterogobius elapoides (günther) and P. zonoleucus Jordan et Snyder (all Gobiidae) (all new host records); the number (14) and arrangement of cephalic papillae in this species are described for the first time. The new species, Philometroides branchiostegi sp. n. from head tissues of Branchiostegus japo...