The variational principles are very useful analytical tool for the study of the ground state energy of any dynamical system. In this work, we have evaluated the method and techniques of variational principle to derive the ground state energy for the harmonic, cut-off and anharmonic oscillators with a ground state wave function for a one-body Hamiltonian in three dimensions.
How much do slums affect women's ability to negotiate access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH)? We used random narratives, interviews, and a review of literature from theoretical and secondary sources to capture the experiences of slum dwellers in South-South Nigeria. Our findings demonstrate that women and girls bear disproportionate burden and risk of poor and inadequate WaSH services in the course of domestic supplies and management and making tough choices in negotiating between personal sanitary needs of privacy and safety as well as attending to domestic hygiene, childcare and other chores. These lived realities and experiences are partly associated with gendered public policy practices, linked to the broader socio-cultural norm that confine women's roles to the private/domestic spheres, while men are free to pursue higher aspirations and opportunities. Limited State capacity to guarantee universal access to WaSH for slum dwellers automatically shifts the responsibility for its provision to the private/domestic domain with women bearing the greater burden. We argue that the non-recognition of slums in official discourses limit their consideration for essential public services provision, and the implication of such neglect is discussed in the context of the consequences on women in the course of negotiating access to WaSH.
This study assessed infant mortality in Uyo Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State with the aim of investigating the causes of infant mortality and examining the contribution of the health professionals in curbing infant mortality in the study area. To achieve these objectives, structured questionnaires were employed. Through the use of the structured questionnaires, data were obtained through systematic random sampling of 399 households along three major zones selected for the study in Uyo Local Government. The hypothesis for the study was tested with regression model using the multiple factors Regression Analysis. The results indicated that non-parental factors such as hereditary neonatal disorders and premature birth are the driving causes of infant mortality in the study area. The study also indicated that the contributions of health professionals are positively felt in the study area. The study concludes that infant mortality is due to preventable non-parental factors. The study recommended that the action to ensure access to quality care and ensuring that no mother or new born dies from a preventable cause must be an urgent priority for every Government.
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