The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, has inspired one
of the most efficient vaccine development campaigns in human history. A key aspect of
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines is the use of the modified nucleobase N1-methylpseudouridine
(m1Ψ) to increase their effectiveness. In this Outlook, we summarize the
development and function of m1Ψ in synthetic mRNAs. By demystifying how a novel
element within these medicines works, we aim to foster understanding and highlight
future opportunities for chemical innovation.
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