Of the induced cytokines in eyes with BRVO, IL-8 was the most significantly associated with the disease parameters of BRVO. IL-12 is most likely a factor that blocks the effect of bevacizumab treatment. (www.umin.ac.jp/ctr number, UMIN000003854.).

Measurements of the cytomegalovirus DNA amount is useful for evaluating the severity of the anterior segment inflammation.

HCECs respond to HSV-1 infection by initiating mitogen-activated protein kinase-related transcriptional events, and IL-6 may serve to induce expression of an array of inflammatory mediators.

The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

Corneal endothelial cells transcriptionally initiate inflammatory programs in response to HSV-1 infection related to NF-κB, CRE, and C/EBP and express arrays of inflammatory cytokine induction by TLR9. On the other hand, HSV-1 exploits TLR9-mediated NF-κB activation for its own replication.