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Increased attention is currently being directed towards the potential negative effects of antibiotics and other PPCPs discharged into the aquatic environment via municipal WWTP secondary effluents. A number of analytical methods, such as high performance liquid chromatography technologies, including a high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence method (HPLC-FLD), high performance liquid chromatography-UV detection method (HPLC-UV) and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method (HPLC-MS), have been suggested as determination technologies for antibiotic residues in water. In this study, we implement a HPLC-MS/MS combined method to detect and analyze antibiotics in WWTP secondary effluent and apply a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW) as an advanced wastewater treatment for removing antibiotics in the WWTP secondary effluent. The results show that there were 2 macrolides, 2 quinolones and 5 sulfas in WWTP secondary effluent among all the 22 antibiotics considered. After the CW advanced treatment, the concentration removal efficiencies and removal loads of 9 antibiotics were 53-100% and 0.004-0.7307 μg m(-2) per day, respectively.

A process for the determination of anaerobic-oxic biologically treated perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in leachates from a landfill in Beijing, China, is provided. The applicability of electrocoagulation (EC) with aluminum electrodes for the remediation of PFASs in landfill leachates is investigated in detailed. With reaction time of 45 min, plate distance of 1 cm, current density of 35 mA/cm 2 and plate amounts of four pairs, the EC reactor achieved the optimal removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand and PFASs. Perfluorooctane sulfonate was not detected in the treated leachates after the EC treatment. The average removal efficiencies of perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluoroheptanoic acid, perfluorooctanoate acid, perfluorononanoic acid and perfluorodecanoic acid were 65.1, 58.5, 75.2, and 33.8%, respectively. However, perfluoroundecanoic acid and perfluorododecanoic acid concentration increased by about 20.2 and 18.6% after the EC treatment process.

The objective of this study was to investigate how parts and maturity of Brasenia schreberi could affect its chemical composition and bioactivities. Among different parts of B. schreberi, G‐BS sample contained the highest total carbohydrate content (589.1 ± 11.07 mg/g) and total polyphenols content (mg GA/g), while it had relatively low HO· (IC50 = 3.42 ± 0.12 mg/ml), DPPH (IC50 = 4.39 ± 0.24 mg/ml) and ABTS free radical (IC50 = 1.66 ± 0.05 mg/ml) scavenging activity. Principal components analysis showed that mucilage covered B. schreberi was significantly different from the plant itself. Galactose (61.56 ± 3.29 mg/g), fucose (36.45 ± 0.68 mg/g), and arabinose (27.08 ± 0.27 mg/g) were three top abundant monosaccharides in G‐BS sample. G‐BS contained about 57% of polysaccharides and it showed potential hypoglycemic activities as it exhibited comparable α‐amylase (IC50 = 3.35 mg/ml) and α‐glucosidase (IC50 = 1.94 mg/ml) inhibitory activity to acarbose. G‐BS might be a good source of polysaccharide that can be used as functional supplement. Practical applications As parts and maturity can affect chemical composition and bioactivity, present results help guide potential application of B. schreberi. The study will help food industry to develop B. schreberi polysaccharide‐based products as a functional additive or pharmaceutical supplement.