Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a most common malignant tumor of head and neck, which accounted for approximated 0.89 million new cases in the world every year (Bray et al., 2018). The current research confirmed that smoking, drinking, HPV infection, and immune status are the most primary risk factors for HNSCC (Riva et al., 2021;Tsai et al., 2021). So far, there are a number of therapeutic methods approved for HNSCC, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy (Dietz et al., 2021;Katipally et al., 2021;Okano et al., 2021). However, the mortality of HNSCC patients has not been prominently decreased for the past several decades (Ferlay et al., 2021). Therefore, the eager need for new therapeutic target and approaches in HNSCC should be developed.Ferroptosis is a form of regulating cell death in the nexus between metabolism, redox biology, and human health, firstly proposed by Dixon and colleagues in 2012 (Dixon et al., 2012). With
Oral disease, as a class of diseases with very high morbidity, brings great physical and mental damage to people worldwide. The increasing burden and strain on individuals and society make oral diseases an urgent global health problem. Since the treatment of almost all oral diseases relies on materials, the rapid development of advanced materials and technologies has also promoted innovations in the treatment methods and strategies of oral diseases. In this review, we systematically summarized the application strategies in advanced materials and technologies for oral diseases according to the etiology of the diseases and the comparison of new and old materials. Finally, the challenges and directions of future development for advanced materials and technologies in the treatment of oral diseases were refined. This review will guide the fundamental research and clinical translation of oral diseases for practitioners of oral medicine.
ObjectivesOur study elucidates the prognostic role of cluster of differentiation (CD) 24 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and determines whether targeting CD24 enhances the anti‐tumor immune response by inhibiting tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs).Materials and MethodsThe expression of CD24 and CD68 was analyzed immunohistochemically via tissue microarrays constructed using 56 cohorts of patients with OSCC and 20 control specimens. Further, CD24 was inhibited in an allograft squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) related mouse model with CD24mAb to determine the tumor volume and weight. Changes in immune cells such as TAMs and T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) were analyzed by Flow cytometry. The expression of CD4, CD8, and Ki67 was analyzed via immunohistochemistry. The inhibition of CD24 was confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.ResultsCD24 was overexpressed in OSCC. High expression of CD24 indicated poor survival in patients with OSCC (p = 0.0334). CD24 expression was significantly correlated with CD68 (p = 0.0424). The inhibition of CD24 delayed tumor growth in vivo. A decrease in TAMs number and an increase in T cell number were confirmed, while the ability of tumor proliferation was impaired.ConclusionTargeting CD24 could enhance anti‐tumor immune response by inhibiting TAMs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.