The decision-making processes of knowledge transfer are regarded as the Stackelberg leader-followers games between the core firm and partners in the technology innovation alliance. Basically, a decision-making model of knowledge transfer is established to analyze the influences of knowledge transfer decisions of the core and partners. The analysis results point out that the precondition of the existence and development of alliances is that the core firm's knowledge marginal revenues are large enough. Partners transfer their knowledge capital according to the proportion structure of their own marginal revenues. There is a positive correlation between the knowledge transfer decisions of core firm and its own marginal revenues, and a negative correlation between the knowledge transfer decisions of core firm and the sum of partners' marginal revenues.

Abstract. Due to the great development potential of express delivery industry, the competition between the express companies is increasingly fierce. Hence, adjusting marketing strategies to enhance customer loyalty is a key measure to maintain long-term dynamic of express companies. This paper chose the express industry as the research object, and, in combination with the analysis on the characteristics of the express service, summarized the crucial influencing factors on customer loyalty of companies in this industry, analyzed the mechanism of impact of various factors on the express customer loyalty and conceptualized the impacts of different factors on customer loyalty in a structural model, in order to better illustrate the relationships between them.

Customer-oriented relationship marketing theory has been recognized among the marketing researchers, maintaining and improving customer loyalty has become more and more important for enterprises. In this paper, the author studied the influencing factors of express company's customer loyalty. After analyzing the relevant literatures on customer loyalty and combining with the express company's industry characteristics, this article summarized seven probable main factors that influence the customer loyalty of express company, proposed eight research hypothesis and then established a conceptual model. 353 valid questionnaires were collected. Through the statistical analysis by SPSS19.0 and AMOS 17.0, the result indicated that customer satisfaction and service quality are two key factors affecting customer loyalty which provide a reference for the managers of express company in actual marketing practice.

No abstract

IntroductionA lack of soil phosphorus (P) is a principal factor restricting the normal growth of Lotus corniculatus in the karst area of Guizhou Province, China, but the response mechanism of L. corniculatus under low-phosphorus stress remains unclear.MethodsTherefore, we treated two selected L. corniculatus lines (low-P-intolerant line 08518 and low-P-tolerant line 01549) from 13 L. corniculatus lines with normal phosphorus (0.5 mmol/L KH2PO4, NP) and low phosphorus (0.005 mmol/L KH2PO4, LP) concentrations to study changes in morphological, physiological and transcriptome data under low-phosphorus stress.ResultsThe low-P-tolerant line 01549 exhibited better performance under low-phosphorus stress. Compared with the NP treatment, all root morphological indicators of the low-P-tolerant line 01549 increased, and those of the low-P-intolerant line 08518 decreased under low-P stress. Compared with the NP treatment, acid phosphatase (ACP), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities, and the malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP) and proline (Pro) contents of the two L. corniculatus lines increased under low-P stress. A transcriptome analysis of L. corniculatus showed that a total of 656 and 2243 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in line 01549 and line 08518, respectively. Meanwhile, the main pathways, such as carbohydrate metabolism, acid phosphatases, phosphate transporters and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, as well as related genes were also screened by performing a KEGG enrichment analysis.DiscussionThe findings provide an essential point of reference for studying the physiological and molecular mechanism of the response to low-P stress in L. corniculatus.