The inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare tumor that can develop in any systemic organ. Its features are generally benign, but it often resembles malignancies and is treated surgically. Our patient was an 82-year-old female complaining of abdominal discomfort. Computed tomography demonstrated a 5 cm, ill-enhanced mass at the pancreas head. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a duodenal submucosal tumor with apical erosion. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) demonstrated a heterogeneous, low-echoic pancreas mass without clear margins. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) demonstrated spindle myofibroblastic tissues with lymphoplasmacyte and eosinophil infiltration, confirming an IMT diagnosis. Surprisingly, the tumor spontaneously regressed in one month without medication. Histological diagnosis using EUS-FNAB is essential for the rare pancreatic solid tumor like IMT.Medication had been initiated using nizatidine, rebamipide and oxetacaine, but it was not effective. She had a history of hypertension, but her family history was unremarkable. Blood tests showed modestly elevated IgG (1950 mg/dL, normal range: 870-1700 mg/dL) and C-reactive protein (0.43 mg/dL, normal range: ≤ 0.3 mg/dL) but normal readings for other factors, including serum tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen, and soluble IL-2 receptor), HbA1c, and IgG4 (66.1 mg/dL, normal: 4.5-117 mg/dL). Enhanced computed tomography (CT) demonstrated an ill-enhanced mass, 5 cm in size but with unclear margins, located at the pancreas head (Figure 1a,b). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor (SMT) with an apical erosion approximately 1.5 cm in size at the duodenal bulbs ( Figure 2). Several faintly enlarged lymph nodes were seen around the pancreas head, but no nodules suggestive of metastasis were visible in the liver or the lungs. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) demonstrated a heterogeneous, low-echoic mass at the pancreas head and body, but no adhesion to the common bile duct. EUS elastography revealed a hardness of the pancreas lesion (Figure 3). Forceps biopsy (Radial Jaw™4, Boston Scientific Japan, 2.2 mm, Tokyo, Japan) from the duodenal SMT was not informative, but EUS-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) showed abundant spindle myofibroblast tissues with eosinophilic and lymphoplasmacytic cell infiltration (Figure 4). FNAB was performed with two punctures from the duodenal bulbs, with each puncture performed with 10 strokes using a 22-gauge Franseen-tip needle (Acquire™, Boston Scientific Japan) with 10 mL of negative pressure. No malignant cells were seen. The spindle cells were positive for anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) and desmin but negative for discovered on GIST-1 (DOG-1), c-Kit, CD34, S-100, and ALK. Only six IgG4-positive cells were recognized in high-powered views, and no obliterative phlebitis or storiform fibrosis was detected. These findings led to the diagnosis of IMT.
BACKGROUND: The increasing incidence and mortality of young-onset colorectal cancer has drawn increasing attention. However, screening for young adults is controversial given the limited evidence regarding its effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to clarify the characteristics of young-onset colorectal cancer and to compare long-term outcomes of screening-detected colorectal cancer and non–screening-detected colorectal cancer. DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study. SETTING: This study evaluated data from a colorectal cancer registry and medical records at a tertiary Japanese cancer center. PATIENTS: All patients with colorectal cancer who were registered at a Japanese tertiary cancer center between January 2007 and December 2016 were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The colorectal cancer cases were categorized as screening-detected colorectal cancer and non–screening-detected colorectal cancer, and patients were categorized into 3 age groups: <50 years (young-onset), 50 to 75 years, and >75 years. The baseline characteristics and survival outcomes of the groups were compared using Cox regression models. RESULTS: A total of 4345 patients were identified, with a median follow-up of 4.6 years. Relative to 50- to 75-year-old individuals, young-onset colorectal cancer was linked to a higher proportion of rectal cancer (50.4% vs 43.3%), a lower proportion of screening-detected colorectal cancer (29.4% vs 35.8%), a lower proportion of stage I colorectal cancer (15.2% vs 30.3%), and a higher proportion of stage III to IV colorectal cancer (64.0% vs 49.4%). Among patients who were <50 years old, screening-detected colorectal cancer was associated with a 50% lower risk of mortality relative to non–screening-detected colorectal cancer (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.26–0.95). LIMITATIONS: The findings were limited by the retrospective analysis from a single center. CONCLUSIONS: Young-onset colorectal cancer was more likely to present at an advanced stage and had a lower rate of screening-detected colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, young-onset screening-detected colorectal cancer was associated with better overall survival than non–screening-detected colorectal cancer. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B829. SUPERVIVENCIA FAVORABLE DESPUÉS DEL CRIBADO DEL CÁNCER COLORRECTAL EN PACIENTE JOVEN: BENEFICIOS DEL CRIBADO EN ADULTOS JÓVENES ANTECEDENTES: La creciente incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer colorrectal en paciente joven ha atraído una atención cada vez mayor. Sin embargo, el cribado para adultos jóvenes es controvertido, dado la evidencia limitada con respecto a su efectividad. OBJETIVO: Nuestro objetivo fue identificar las características del cáncer colorrectal en paciente joven y comparar los resultados a largo plazo del cáncer colorrectal detectado por cribado y el cáncer colorrectal no detectado por cribado. DISEÑO: Este fue un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. ESCENARIO: Este estudio evaluó datos de un registro de cáncer colorrectal y registros médicos en un centro oncológico terciario japon...
AimsLymphatic invasion (LI) and venous invasion (VI) are the strongest risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with early gastric cancer, and may predict their prognosis. We aimed to investigate interobserver agreement among pathologists before and after adding ancillary staining for diagnosing LI and VI in this setting.Methods and resultsThis retrospective study included 100 specimens of submucosal invasive gastric cancer from 100 patients treated using endoscopic resection. Three pathologists (expert, intermediate and trainee experience levels) independently evaluated individual LI and VI status using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained slides, and re‐evaluated their decisions by reviewing corresponding D2‐40‐stained and elastin‐stained slides. Interobserver agreement was assessed using κ statistics. With the ancillary D2‐40 staining, there was an improved agreement for LI diagnoses between the expert and intermediate pathologist (H&E κ = 0.78, D2‐40 κ = 0.85) and between the expert and trainee pathologist (H&E κ = 0.37, D2‐40 κ = 0.56). With the ancillary elastin staining, there was an improved agreement for VI diagnoses between the expert and intermediate pathologists (H&E κ = 0.25, elastin κ = 0.63) and between the expert and trainee pathologists (H&E κ = 0.29, elastin κ = 0.45).ConclusionsWith both the ancillary D2‐40 and elastin staining there was an improved interobserver agreement for LI and VI diagnoses, regardless of the pathologist's experience. This ancillary staining may be useful in improving the accuracy of LI and VI diagnoses, helping to improve the risk stratification of early gastric cancer patients.
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