Askin's tumor is a rare tumor arising from the chest wall. It is a subset of Ewing sarcoma characterized histologically by the presence of small round blue cells. It is a highly malignant tumor with guarded prognosis, which is dependent upon the extension of tumor at the time of diagnosis. A dual paper of Askin's tumors in young boys is being presented here.
Background: Neoplastic and non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions are the main reasons for morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Amongst these, urothelial carcinoma is a common primary tumor of urinary bladder (90%). The objective of this study is to determine the profile of various urothelial lesions received in Army Hospital within 5 years of period.
Materials and methods:Five years retrospective study of cystoscopic biopsies and radical cystectomy specimens were carried out in Department of Pathology, Army hospital.
Results:Out of 53 cystoscopic biopsies and radical cystectomy specimens, 42 were neoplastic and 11 were non neoplastic lesions. Thirty six urothelial carcinomas were observed out of which 20 were high grade urothelial carcinoma and 16 were low grade. Out of 20 high grade urothelial carcinoma, 17 had muscle invasion and 3 had invasion upto lamina propria. Of 16 low grade urothelial carcinoma, 12 were noninvasive, 2 had invasion upto lamina propria and 2 had muscle invasion. Papilloma was the commonest benign lesions found (7.1%) followed by papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) (2.4%) and hemangioma (2.4%).
Conclusion:This article have highlighted upon the importance of histopathological study in evaluating urinary bladder lesions. Also, it has helped in determining that neoplastic lesions were more common than non-neoplastic lesions as seen in our study. A great majority of neoplastic lesions were of urothelial origin. Cystoscopic studies and biopsies help in early detection of bladder neoplasms and they form the mainstay of the diagnosis and follow up.
Objective: Although Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) has been studied extensively; the best criteria for its detection in early stages have not been established. This study was carried out to observe the change in transaminases, alkaline phosphatase levels when compared with control and also to see their relationships with various grades of PEM. Then to see if certain biochemical parameters could be used to detect malnutrition in early stage. Methods: Cross sectional study between Jan 1999-Dec 2000,124 children from 5 months to 5 years were included in the study. Out of 124 children 98 (79%) were cases and 26 (21%) normal age matched healthy controls. Cases were divided into groups as per Gomez classification (Group1-Grade I PEM, 37;Group 2-Grade II PEM, 34; Group 3-Grade III PEM27; and Group 4 26 Healthy controls). Three serum enzymes, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was analyzed and for statistical analysis student's "t" test was used. It can be concluded that abnormalities in blood levels of these enzymes occur in any form of PEM and these are related to the severity of the disease. Hence this may be helpful in early diagnosis of PEM where clinical features are equivocal.
Sickle cell disease is a type of hemoglobinopathy, which is fairly common in certain parts of the world. We would like to report an interesting case of a child who was labeled as sickle cell anemia but subsequently turned out to be a case of compound heterozygous sickle cell and thalassemia trait. Keywords: Sickle cell disease; haemoglobinopathy; thalassemia; hydroxyurea; globin; electrophoresis; HPLC DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v31i2.4414 J Nep Paedtr Soc 2010;31(2):130-133
Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease results from a complex interaction between genetic and enviromental factors. The aim of this study was to find association of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody with abnormal thyroid function tests. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study, conducted in 160 patients who showed abnormal thyroid function tests in grande city clinic and hospital services and Kantipur dental college for duration of 18 months since Baisakh 2072. Results: Among 160 individuals , 126(78.8%) were female and 34(21.2%) were male. Subclinical hypothyroidism (56.3%) were most common than overthyperthyroidism (18.0%), overthypothyroidism (16.9%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (8.8%). Anti thyroid peroxidase antibodies test was shown positive in 102/160 (63.8% ) cases. Conclusion: According to the present study, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody has been significantly associated with thyroid dysfunction, it can be used as diagnostic marker for thyroid autoimmune diathesis.
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