Abstract.The structure and function of chromatin can be altered by modifications to histone. Histone acetylation is a reversible process governed by histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDAC6 is a subtype of the HDAC family that deacetylates ·-tubulin and increases cell motility. We investigated the expression levels of HDAC6 mRNA and protein expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-derived cell lines and human primary OSCCs to elucidate the potential involvement of HDAC6 in OSCC. Using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blots on nine OSCC-derived cell lines and normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs), HDAC6 mRNA and protein expression were commonly up-regulated in all cell lines compared with the NOKs. Immunofluorescence analysis detected HDAC6 protein in the cytoplasm of OSCC cell lines. Similar to OSCC cell lines, high frequencies of HDAC6 up-regulation were evident in both mRNA (74%) and protein (51%) levels of primary tumors. Among the clinical variables analyzed, the clinical tumor stage was found to be associated with the HDAC6 expression states. The analysis indicated a significant difference in the HDAC6 expression level between the early stage (stage I and II) and advancedstage (stage III and IV) tumors (P=0.014). These results suggest that HDAC6 expression may be correlated with tumor aggressiveness and offer clues to the planning of new treatments.

The bronchoarterial ratio is influenced by aging. The normal bronchoarterial ratio in a substantial number of subjects older than 65 years overlaps with the ratio considered to represent bronchiectasis. Thus, when this ratio is used for the quantitative analysis of pulmonary and cardiovascular disease, the influence of age should be considered.

Abstract. To characterize cancer-related gene expression changes in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), we compared the gene expression profiles in OSCC-derived cell lines with human normal oral keratinocytes (HNOKs). Microarray analysis identified 166 genes that were up-regulated in OSCC-derived cell lines. Gene ontology analysis showed that cancer-related function had the highest significance. Among the genes mapped to the cancer-related network with the highest significance, the receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) was evaluated further for mRNA and protein expression in the OSCC cell lines, primary OSCCs. Overexpression of RHAMM protein was observed in all cell lines compared to HNOKs. Immunohistochemical analysis showed highly expressed RHAMM in primary OSCCs, whereas most corresponding normal tissues had no or significant down-regulation of protein immunoreactivity. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction data agreed with the protein expression. Moreover, the RHAMM expression status was correlated with the TNM stage (P<0.001). The results suggested that RHAMM expression may be correlated with tumor aggressiveness and offer clues to the development of new treatments for human OSCCs.

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