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BackgroundTreadmill training is used in rehabilitation and is described as improving gait parameters of patients with Parkinson's disease. ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of treadmill training in improving the gait of patients with Parkinson's disease and the acceptability and safety of this type of therapy. Search methodsWe searched the Cochrane Movement Disorders Group Specialised Register (see Review Group details for more information) (last searched September 2014), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2014, Issue 10), MEDLINE (1950 to September 2014), and EMBASE (1980 to September 2014. We also handsearched relevant conference proceedings, searched trials and research registers, and checked reference lists (last searched September 2014). We contacted trialists, experts and researchers in the field and manufacturers of commercial devices. Selection criteriaWe included randomised controlled trials comparing treadmill training with no treadmill training in patients with Parkinson's disease. Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted the trialists for additional information. We analysed the results as mean differences (MDs) for continuous variables and relative risk differences (RD) for dichotomous variables. Main resultsWe included 18 trials (633 participants) in this update of this review. Treadmill training improved gait speed (MD = 0.09 m/s; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03 to 0.14; P = 0.001; I 2 = 24%; moderate quality of evidence), stride length (MD = 0.05 metres; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.09; P = 0.01; I 2 = 0%; low quality of evidence), but walking distance (MD = 48.9 metres; 95% CI -1.32 to 99.14; P = 0.06; I 2 = 91%; very low quality of evidence) and cadence did not improve (MD = 2.16 steps/minute; 95% CI -0.13 to 4.46; P = 0.07; I 2 = 28%; low quality of evidence) at the end of study. Treadmill training did not increase the risk of patients dropping out from 1 Treadmill training for patients with Parkinson's disease (Review)

BackgroundTreadmill training is used in rehabilitation and is described as improving gait parameters of patients with Parkinson's disease. ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of treadmill training in improving the gait of patients with Parkinson's disease and the acceptability and safety of this type of therapy. Search methodsWe searched the Cochrane Movement Disorders Group Specialised Register (see Review Group details for more information) (last searched September 2014), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2014, Issue 10), MEDLINE (1950 to September 2014), and EMBASE (1980 to September 2014. We also handsearched relevant conference proceedings, searched trials and research registers, and checked reference lists (last searched September 2014). We contacted trialists, experts and researchers in the field and manufacturers of commercial devices. Selection criteriaWe included randomised controlled trials comparing treadmill training with no treadmill training in patients with Parkinson's disease. Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted the trialists for additional information. We analysed the results as mean differences (MDs) for continuous variables and relative risk differences (RD) for dichotomous variables. Main resultsWe included 18 trials (633 participants) in this update of this review. Treadmill training improved gait speed (MD = 0.09 m/s; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03 to 0.14; P = 0.001; I 2 = 24%; moderate quality of evidence), stride length (MD = 0.05 metres; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.09; P = 0.01; I 2 = 0%; low quality of evidence), but walking distance (MD = 48.9 metres; 95% CI -1.32 to 99.14; P = 0.06; I 2 = 91%; very low quality of evidence) and cadence did not improve (MD = 2.16 steps/minute; 95% CI -0.13 to 4.46; P = 0.07; I 2 = 28%; low quality of evidence) at the end of study. Treadmill training did not increase the risk of patients dropping out from 1 Treadmill training for patients with Parkinson's disease (Review)

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Studienzeit ist eine Phase, in der die jungen Erwachsenen mit spezifischen Anforderungen konfrontiert werden. Studierende der Medizin gelten als besonders psychisch belastet. Untersuchungen, in denen sie diesbezüglich mit Studienfächern der gleichen Branche verglichen werden, sind jedoch rar. Fragestellung Ziel der Untersuchung war es, die psychische Gesundheit von Medizinstudierenden sowie von Gesundheits- und Pflegemanagementstudierenden zu untersuchen und zu vergleichen. Material und Methoden Untersucht wurden Studierende der Studiengänge Gesundheits- sowie Pflegemanagement (WHZ) und Medizinstudierende der (TU Dresden). Verschiedene Aspekte psychischer Gesundheit wurden mithilfe eines Online-Fragebogens erhoben. Dieser beinhaltete die Instrumente zur Erfassung der Prüfungsängstlichkeit (TAI-G-Kurzskala) und psychischen Belastung (BSI-18), sowie ein Item zur Ermittlung der subjektiv wahrgenommenen Studienbelastung. 258 Studierende nahmen an der Befragung teil. Ergebnisse Es konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Gesamtscores der Prüfungsängstlichkeit und der psychischen Belastung zwischen den Studierenden beider Studienfächer festgestellt werden. Dahingegen gaben Medizinstudierende an, dass sie im Vergleich zu Studierenden der anderen beiden Studienfächer eine signifikant höhere Studienbelastung wahrnehmen. Schlussfolgerung Die ermittelten Gesamtscores lagen teilweise über den Werten in vergleichbaren Studien. Die Studierenden sollten bereits präventiv unterstützt werden, um eigene Bewältigungsstrategien zu entwickeln. Nicht nur die Bereitstellung von Hilfen ist notwendig, sondern vielmehr das aktive Eingreifen mithilfe von gesundheitsfördernden Maßnahmen durch die Institution Hochschule, in die die Studierenden frühzeitig integriert werden sollten.

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