Analysis of a commercial detergent product dual power professional citrus fruits 1000mle concentrated Gel Dishes from Italchimica SRL was performed and its soluble matter ethanolic 95˚ was characterized by FT-IR. The anionic active matter content present in the detergent product was calculated to be 9.71%w/w. The pH of the liquid detergent was determined to be 7.45 at 25 ˚C (298K). Absorptions in IR characterizing the anionic surfactant at 1185cm -1 and the non-ionic surfactant at 1098cm -1 appeared. The reflectance ISO brightness of the detergent product was measured 6.29%. The Delta E (ΔΕ*) value for the detergent and standard used was calculated to be 63.25units. The optical band gap of the commercial detergent sample was calculated to be 1.169844690100260eV, using the Kubelka-Munk model.
Reflection graphs of four paper samples were recorded at room temperature in the wavelength range 400-700nm. From the UV-Vis data and using the Kubelka-Munk equation we calculated the indirect band gap energies of four different paper samples. The indirect band gap for tissue paper was estimated to be 1.169844796675eV, that of copy paper A4 axion sample of 1.169844772981780eV, of velvet board of 1.169844786551eV, and finally of Α4 copy paper maestro of 1.1698447698146900eV. The indirect band gap value was higher for tissue paper and proceeded decreasing from velvet board to copy paper A4 axion, and finally copy paper A4 maestro. The band gap energy was determined using the Tauc method. The Urbach energy for tissue paper was calculated to be 199.23meV. The Urbach energy for axion Α4 copy paper was calculated to be 324.23meV. The Urbach energy for velvet board was calculated to be 71.12meV. And finally, the Urbach energy for Α4 copy paper maestro was calculated to be 341.17meV. The Urbach energy varied inversely to the band gap for all four paper samples.
Two white Α4 copy paper samples Q-Connect and Laser Copy were tested for the fiber component of their pulps using the optical microscope and were determined as chemical pulps. UV-VIS data revealed the values of Urbach energies of 498.2meV and 498.1meV of the two copy paper samples respectively, when the thickness of both samples was d=1mm. The value of indirect bandgap energy was calculated to be 1.16984469010026eV for Q-Connect copy paper sample, and 1.1698449010027eV respectively, with the Laser Copy paper sample. The Urbach energy of the A4 copy paper sample Q-Connect was calculated to be 333.7meV when its thickness was d=0.101mm whereas the Urbach energy of the A4 copy paper sample Laser Copy was calculated to be 330.2meV when its thickness was d=0.094mm. A decrease in Urbach energy with a decrease in thickness from 101μm to 94μm, and an increase in energy band gap, were observed for the two copy paper samples, respectively.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.