IntroductionTinnitus is the phantom auditory perception of sound in the absence of an external or internal acoustic stimulus.1 This symptom is a debilitating condition that is widespread yet difficult to successfully diagnose and treat. The prevalence of chronic tinnitus in general population is estimated between 5%-15%. It causes serious psychosocial complications in 1% to 3%.2 For some subjects, tinnitus is disabling and restricts their work, sleep, and social activities. [3][4][5] This symptom has forced clinicians to attempt to establish protocols for accuracy of tinnitus diagnosis and treatment. 6 There are various modalities in the treatment of the chronic tinnitus (pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy, psychotherapy, surgery etc) targeted at diminishing tinnitus loudness and annoyance. The disappearance of tinnitus occurs very rarely among the subjects with chronic tinnitus and according to the literature they do not represent a statistically significant group. The new medical therapeutic method of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) uses low-energy-lasers or light-emitting diodes to stimulate or inhibit cellular function.7 Lowlevel laser (LLL) is widely used by specialists to treat non-healing ulcers, autoimmune diseases, acute and chronic musculoskeletal pains, chronic inflammations, hemangiomas and burns. It has been suggested to be Abstract Introduction: Tinnitus is the phantom auditory perception of sound in the absence of an external or internal acoustic stimulus. The treatment is difficult due to multiple etiologies and great psychological influence. The purpose of this study was to determine alterations in auditory physiological and electrophysiological responses associated with temporary suppression of tinnitus induced by low-level laser (LLL) irradiation. Methods: This study was conducted on 20 subjects with subjective tinnitus. All subjects signed the informed consent form and satisfied all the study eligibility criteria. Visual analog scale (VAS) for loudness, loudness matching of tinnitus (LMT), pitch matching of tinnitus (PMT), Persian-tinnitus questionnaire (P-TQ) and Persian-tinnitus handicap inventory (P-THI) were conducted pre-and post-low level laser therapy (LLLT) for all the subjects. Electrocochleography (ECochG) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were recorded in 11 subjects. Continuous wave diode lasers, including red (630 nm) and infra-red (808 nm) were applied, and were both designed by the Canadian Optic and Laser (COL) Center. Twelve sessions of laser therapy were performed, 2 sessions per week for each subject. Total dose was 120 Joule/ ear/session. Results: LLL irradiation could cause a significant decrease in subjective tests scores consisting of VAS for loudness, PMT, P-TQ, P-THI, but did not result in a significant improvement of objective evaluating parameters except for compound action potential (CAP) amplitude. Conclusion: LLLT might be a subjectively effective treatment for short-term improvement of tinnitus. Defining a new protocol for optimizing LLLT paramete...
IntroductionThe term cellulite (also known as gynoid lipodystrophy and adiposis edematosa) refers to the herniation of subcutaneous fat within fibrous connective tissue that manifests as skin uneven dimpling or "orange peel" appearance. [1][2][3] Cellulite is more common on the buttocks, lower limbs and abdomen. 1,2 Cellulite affects mainly women as a result of "differences in the structural anatomy of subcutaneous tissue in women, and the possible influence of estrogen. " 4 The prevalence of cellulite in post-adolescent females was estimated to be between 80% and 90%, 3,5 which led to the development of cosmetic complications. Cellulite appears to be a "multifactorial disorder" 4 which is likely due to metabolic alterations, changes in lymphatic and vascular microcirculation, dieting too hard or too much, sex-specific dimorphic, skin architecture, alteration of connective tissue structure, and hormonal and genetic factors. 5-7 Emanuele et al 3 traced "the genetic component of cellulite to particular polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1a) genes. " There are various modalities in the treatment of localized subcutaneous fat deposits (massage or mechanical manipulation, mesotherapy, bipolar radiofrequency, liposuction, laser lipolysis, etc), but empirical evidence for the efficacy of these strategies is limited. 3 Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a non-thermal, noninvasive technique which is practiced by physicians and laser therapists for a wide variety of diseases. It is used for tissue regeneration and bio-stimulation, pain reduction, swelling, inflammatory response in orthopedic injuries and degenerative diseases, wound healing and numerous Original Article The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a combination of 3 wavelengths (including red, infra-red, and blue) of low-level laser (LLL) as a non-invasive therapeutic method to reduce abdominal girth. To achieve biochemical activity on adipocytes, a red laser was used in our selective laser combination. Near-infrared laser was used to increase depth of penetration. Nitrosyl complexes of hemoglobin (NO-Hb) are sensitive to blue light, thereby leading to increase in release of biologically active nitric oxide (NO), which can affect tissue perfusion. Thus, a blue LED was added to the laser combination. Methods: Eighteen females participated in the study. Twelve sessions of laser therapy were performed, 2 sessions per week for each subject. Continuous wave diode lasers, including red (630 nm), infra-red (808 nm), and a blue LED (450 nm) were applied and were all designed by the Canadian Optic and Laser Center. Results: Statistical analyses revealed that upper abdomen size significantly decreased from pre-(91.86 ± 11.16) to post-(87.41 ± 10.52) low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (P < 0.001). Middle abdomen size showed significant reduction from pre-(97.02 ± 8.82) to post-(91.97 ± 8.49) LLLT (P < 0.001). Lower abdomen size significantly decreased from pre-(100.36 ± 9.45) to post-(95.80 ± 8.52) LL...
As a common debilitating disorder worldwide, tinnitus requires objective assessment. In the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test, auditory potentials can be evoked by acoustic or optoacoustic (induced by laser light) stimulations. In order to use the ABR test in the objective assessment of tinnitus, in this study, acoustic ABR (aABR) and optoacoustic ABR (oABR) were compared in the control and tinnitus groups to determine the changes caused by sodium salicylate (SS)-induced tinnitus in rat. In both aABR and oABR, wave II was the most prominent waveform, and the amplitude of wave II evoked by oABR was significantly higher than that of aABR. Brainstem transmission time (BTT), which represents the time required for a neural stimulation to progress from the auditory nerve ending to the inferior colliculus, was significantly shorter in oABR. In the tinnitus group, there was a significant increase in the threshold of both ABRs and a significant decrease in the amplitude of wave II only in the oABR. Based on our findings, the ABR test has the potential to be used in the assessment of SS-induced tinnitus, but oABR has the advantages of producing more prominent waveforms and significantly reducing the amplitude of wave II in tinnitus.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.