GIS with the geostatistics are more frequently-used technique in environmental studies. Providing spatial information creates a possibility to place the results in space. Spatial information significantly affects the credibility and quality of research projects. It can be useful in determining certain relationships between monitoring and reclamation of degraded areas and to minimize and evaluate the costs related to environmental pollution. On the basis of practical and scientific examples, potential methods of applications of GIS and geostatistical methods in the study of water and soil environment was presented.
Streszczenie: Zagadnienia ochrony środowiska stanowią jeden z najbardziej aktualnych obszarów interdyscyplinarnych prac naukowych, łącząc w sobie zarówno wiedzę i praktykę dziedzin nauk przyrodniczych, jak i nauk społecznych, w tym nauk o zarządzaniu. Jednym z najbardziej klasycznych przykładów interdyscyplinarności wiedzy jest obszar rozwijających się studiów w zakresie gospodarki przestrzennej. Wielowymiarowość zjawisk przestrzennych związanych zarówno ze zmianami klima
The accuracy of models representing the shape of the land surface is important in environmental studies. Accurate model can be used to detect even small changes in the landform and landuse, as well as to develop a spatial model of water and soil pollution. Due to the fact that environmental studies are carried out on diversified areas in terms of landuse, this study indicated the appropriate methods for generating Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM). Both of them can be used in processes and analyzes research. Those analyzes mainly take into account the formation of the Earth's surface in the context of hydrological, geomorphological and biological modeling. The example of practical use of hydrological modeling is a ISOK project, which goal is to reduce the danger and minimize losses caused by the floods. The main aim of this study was to select the appropriate method of generating regular models from airborne laser scanning. The data on which analysis was performed, were obtained for the area of Cracow city within the project ISOK. To achieve this goal, four methods available in ArcGIS, were selected: nearest neighbour, inverse distance weighted, triangulation with linear interpolation and triangulation with natural neighbour interpolation. Additionally several different sizes of the cell of regular model were selected: 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 m. Each generated model has been studied in terms of a accuracy (Gaussian statistical model was used). Firstly the analysis was made for digital terrain model and digital surface model for one archive module of point cloud. For this stage, 48 models were generated. After that, the area of analysis was expanded. Because of similar results obtained by both triangulations methods in the first stage, only the method of triangulation with linear interpolation was studied. In the second stage of research, 54 models were generated for other archive modules of point cloud. The results of the two stages were compatible. It has been noticed that the nearest neighbour method is the most accurate for generating Digital Surface Models.
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