Cincau Hijau leaves (Cyclea barbata L.Miers ) has been used empirically as a medicinal plant because it contains many potential compounds such as flavonoids. Cincau Hijau leaves has been known as antioxidant activity. Determination of pharmacognosy parameters and phytochemical screening of dry leaves and extracts have been carried out as well as determination of total fl avonoids content. Fresh leaves were extracts with water and Dry leaves were macerated with 96% ethanol and were then concentrated by rotavapor to obtain viscous extracts. Free radical scavenging activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH method. Afterwards, determination of specifi c and non-specifi c parameters were performed. Results of phytochemical screening of powder and 50% and 96% ethanol extract showed that tall the tested samples contained alkaloid, fl avonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids/ triterpenoids, coumarin. The examination of specifi c parameter showed that the extract has a thick consistency, tawny color, bitter taste, characteristic odor. In addition, water-soluble compound and 96% ethanol extract are 46.64 and 62.13% respectively whereas ethanol-soluble compounds are 39.22 and 74.72%, respectively. While the results of nonspecifi c parameters of 50% and 96 % ethanol extract displayed total ash content of 9.69 and 9.49%, respectively, acid insoluble ash content of 0.30 and 0.16%, respectively, content of water soluble ash of 9.17 and 4.30%, respectively, loss on drying of 9.35 and 8.9%, respectively, water content of 8.45 and 7.25%, respectively. Based on heavy metal contamination, Pb concentration in 50 and 96% ethanol extract are 0.0227 and 0.0333 mg/kg, respectively whereas Cd concentration are 0.1206 and 0.0022 mg/kg, respectively and total number of CFU of 4,22 x 103 and 2,30 x 103 colonies/g, respectively while molds and yeasts number of colony of 0,48 x 102 and 8,88 x 102 colonies/g, respectively. Moreover, the total flavonoid was 0,19 %. Result of DPPH inhibition test showed that IC50 96 % ethanol extract are 83,280 ppm and water extracts are 102,01 ppm
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa melalui penerapan kegiatan eksperimen dalam pembelajaran IPA pada siswa SMP Negeri 1 Sugihwaras. Subyek penelitian adalah 32 siswa kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 1 Sugihwaras Bojonegoro. Berdasarkan pengalaman guru selama mengajar di kelas VIII C SMPN 1 Sugihwaras Bojonegoro, pada umumnya siswa dalam belajar hanya membaca tanpa memahami isi pelajaran. Siswa kurang terlatih untuk berfikir, menyampaikan ide dan menyelesaikan masalah. Pada setiap kegiatan pembelajaran IPA siswa cenderung pasif, kurang bersemangat dan sulit untuk aktif bertanya maupun menyampaikan pendapatnya serta kurang bisa bertanggungjawab terhadap tugasnya. Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran sering tampak motivasi siswa saat belajar IPA masih rendah sehingga hal ini berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan rancangan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan prosedur pelaksanaannya mengikuti prinsip dasar penelitian tindakan yang umum. Adapun Langkah-langkah penelitian tindakan kelas terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini dilaksanakan sebanyak dua siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dari siklus pertama ke siklus kedua. Data hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua indikator mengalami peningkatan keberhasilan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan baik pada siklus pertama maupun siklus kedua.
Andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) contain flavonoids that has antioxidantactivity. This study was conducted to obtain the effervescent granules andaliman fruit extract which has the highest antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical scavenging method. Andaliman fruit was extracted in stages using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol, then dried using freeze drying method. Furthermore, the dry extract of ethanol is formulated using variation acid sources, namely citric acid and tartaric acid. The results showed that the formulas had moisture rate of 2.30 – 3.95%; fl ow rate of 2.53-4.12 g/sec; the particle size distribution with the fi nes <10%; dissolved time < 2 minutes; and a pH value of 5.48-5.65. The results of the antioxidant activity of formula I-III were 74.0; 84.9 and 91.9 ppm respectively. The conclusion of the research showed that the formula I with a combination of citric acid and tartaric acid is a formula that meets the physical quality requirements and has a strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 74.0 ppm.
Brown seaweed contains fucoidan, a large molecular weight sulfate polysaccharide (about 100,000 Da) which has platelet antiagregation activity. This activity is achieved if the fucoidan has a small molecular weight (3900-7600 Da) so this activity can increase by hydrolized with sellulase Enzym. The purpose of this study was to obtain extract nanoparticles that meet physical quality requirements and have a higher platelet antiagregation activity than brown seaweed extract both before and after hydrolysis. Extraction was using kinetic maseration method using 80% ethanol after that using 2% calcium chloride solution. The results were dried and hydrolyzed with cellulase enzyme and nanoparticles were made by ionic gelation method. Nanoparticle characterization results in particle size of 552.8, polydispersity index of 0.569, potential zeta of +53.5 mV, and spherical shape. In-vitro testing results for platelet antiagregation activity showed the percentage of platelet aggregation inhibition of brown seaweed extract with a concentration 500 µg/mL is 22.19% and extracts after hydrolysis was 57.94% and nanoparticles extract after hydrolysis was 72.93%. Extract nanoparticles meet physical quality requirements and extracted nanoparticles after hydrolysis have the highest platelet antiagregation activity compared to brown seaweed extract both before and after hydrolysis.
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