Several studies have been reported behavioral changes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) recently. The increasing levels of glucose affects neuronal activity and may inhibit the process of differentiation and regeneration of neurons in the brain. Dopaminergic (DA) neurons produce dopamine as a neurotransmitter which has an important role to regulate motor functions in the brain. This study aimed to determine the effect of exposure to high concentrations of glucose on the activity of dopaminergic neurons on early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish embryos were exposed to glucose (1%, 3% and 5%) as a diabetic animal model at the beginning of development. Co-incubation was performed by incubated both of glucose and L-DOPA. Swimming distance of zebrafish larvae was measured as a parameter to determine the motor function regulated by dopamine activity. Results of statistical analysis in zebrafish embryos exposed to 1% and 3% glucose showed significant differences (p <0.05) reduction on swimming distance. Co-incubation glucose with L-DOPA partially increased the swimming distance. It can be concluded that the administration of excessive exposure to glucose was able to decrease the activity of dopaminergic neurons by decreasing the distance of swim in early zebrafish development.
Wabah Covid 19 terkonfirmasi telah mnyerang 200 negara di dunia, dan telah menjadi pandemi global. Namun ironisnya, meskipun telah menjadi pandemi, masih banyak masyarakat yang belum paham pentingnya imunitas tubuh di tengah COVID-19. Sehingga para akademisi memiliki peran strategis dalam upaya memahami pandemik COVID-19 sebagai salah satu bentuk kontribusi agar banyak masyarakat teredukasi dan dapat mengetahui informasi terupdate terkait COVID-19, karena diluar sana banyak beredar berita-berita yang belum banyak dipahami oleh masyakarat tentang hubungan tanaman herbal terahadap imunitas tubuh di tengah Pandemi Covid-19. Hal ini membuat banyak orang khawatir hingga melakukan berbagai hal agar tidak mudah terinfeksi virus corona baru. Salah satu yang jamak dilakukan masyarakat Indonesia, yakni mengonsumsi jamu atau beberapa jenis tanaman herbal yang dianggap bisa meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh atau imunitas. Oleh karena itu, Prodi Farmasi bermaksud mengadakan kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat dalam bentuk Seminar Daring Tentang “Meningkatkan Imunitas Tubuh Dengan Tanaman Herbal Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19” Kepada Komunitas Kreatif Mandiri untuk mengedukasi masyarakat tentang perkembangan pemanfaatan tanaman herbal tdi tengah pandemi Covid 19. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat dalam bentuk Webinar ini melibatkan mitra yaitu Komunitas Kreatif Mandiri yang diketuai oleh Ibu Tri Ainun Sari, S.E. Kegiatan ini berfokus untuk berbagi informasi terkait tema kepada masyarakat Komunitas Kreatif Mandiri. Tema yang diberikan memiliki 2 (dua) topik dengan 2 pemateri berbeda, diantaranya: Apt.Dwi Puspita Sari.M.Farm dan Kartika Rahma, S.Si, M.Si. kedua pemicara akan memaparkan materi yang pertama tentang macam-macam tanaman herbal yang dapat bermanfaat sebagai peningkat imunitas tubuh, dan pembicara kedua memaparkan materi teantang proses pembentukan imun tubuh sebagai pertahanan utama tubuh. Webinar ini akan diselenggarakan pada hari Sabtu, tanggal 06 Maret 2021 pukul 10.00-12.00 WIB dan sasaran Webinar ini adalah Mayarakat umum. Diakhir acara peserta akan diberikan formulir feed back untuk diisi. Formulir ini ditujukan untuk melihat tingkat pemahaman peserta setelah mengikuti webinar ini. Selain itu formulir ini juga digunakan sebagai alat evaluasi tingkat keberhasilan kegiatan ini. Setelah mengikuti webinar ini diharapkan banyak masyarakat dan bagaimana proses imunitas tubuh berlangsung dengan mengonsumsi tanaman herbal pada pandemi COVID-19
Dysoxylum is a genus that has a variety of secondary metabolites. Research on various species of this genus is always growing and producing compounds that have interesting structures and activities, until now many compounds of the terpenoid group, chroman alkaloids, limonoids, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, steroids, protolimonoids and sulfur have been reported. which is very interesting. One of the Dysoxylum species that has a variety of secondary metabolites is D. alliaceum. The purpose of this study was to obtain secondary metabolites of D. alliaceum bark. The bark of D. alliaceum was macerated successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The ethyl acetate extract was separated and purified by various chromatographic techniques and was characterized using spectroscopic methods including, ultraviolet, infrared, NMR and mass spectroscopy and guided by thin layer chromatographic analysis to obtain the compound 6,7-dimethoxydyhidrocoumarin and the proposed biogenesis. The chemical structure of these compounds has been determined based on the interpretation of spectroscopic data and compared with spectral data from previous studies. Cytotoxic activity test against P-388 MTT leukemia cells obtained an IC50 of 39.210 g/mL and was declared inactive.
Background: Several studies have reported that an increase in blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) can cause complications to death that occur due to oxidative stress conditions due to excessive ROS production. Red spinach extract was found to be rich in antioxidant compounds. However, there has been no further research on the ability of red spinach to lower blood glucose levels and prevent oxidative stress, which can be seen from the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA; a marker of oxidative stress) in the DM body.Objective: This study aims to determine whether there is a change in blood glucose levels and MDA levels in DM animal models between the groups that were given red spinach extract and not.Methods: This study used white rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were divided into 5 groups: K(-) group in which the rats were not induced by diabetogenic agent and were not treated; K(+) group, the rats were made DM induced by multiple low dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ); and T1, T2, and T3 groups were exposed to MLD-STZ and treated with red spinach extract (Amaranthus tricolor L.) at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW and 400 mg/kgBW, respectively. Blood sugar levels were checked before and after treatment with extract using glucometer digital. Meanwhile, MDA levels were measured by TBA test using protein isolates from the pancreas of each rat.Results: The results showed that the average MDA levels in the K-, K+, T1, T2, and T3 groups were 1.759±0.08, 2.280±0.15, 2.303±0.11, 1.927±0.06, and 1.801±0.04. While the average blood sugar levels in the K-, K+, T1, T2, and T3 groups were 114.4±8.82, 464±72.78, 421.2±37.60, 140.6±20.19, and 176±13.06.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the administration of red spinach extract therapy in DM model rats was able to reduce both glucose levels and MDA levels. By lowering the levels of MDA compounds, it is also believed to be able to prevent oxidative stress in cells which causes tissue damage.
Impaired glucose balance affects the regeneration of neurotransmitters in the brain. One of neurotransmitters that is known to have an important role in the brain is dopamine. Dopamine production by dopaminergic (DA) neurons is regulated by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Previous research has been reported that a decline on TH expression in DA neurons was a result of exposure to excess glucose. One contributing factor is an excess amount of glucose, which interfere homeostasis in the body by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) more and cause oxidative stress. This condition can cause damage to cells in the brain, including DA neurons, to cell death occurs (apoptosis). The characteristic of neuroprotective owned by the hormone estrogen allegedly able to protect nerve cells from the damaging effects of this. The aim of this study is to explore the involvement of 17β-Estradiol as neuroprotection on the effects of glucose exposure during early development on dopaminergic neurons. This study used zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as animal model. They were divided into 4 groups: negative control group, hyperglycemia group, group that was coincubated glucose and estrogen, and the group that only incubated with estrogen alone. Cell death (apoptosis) in the brain was observed using acridine orange staining and TH expression was observed using immunocytochemistry. The results showed that the embryos were exposed to 5% glucose significantly (p <0.05) increased the number of apoptotic cells and decreased the expression of TH. While the results of the analysis of embryos in co-incubation group with estrogen showed improvement with decreased apoptotic cells and the increasing expression of TH up to the normal amount. It can be concluded that estrogen shown to have neuroprotective effect in protecting the decreasing TH expression, as the effects of glucose exposure, which could potentially lead to diabetes, by acting as an antioxidant through cellular mechanisms in the central nervous system.
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