Recently much effort has been devoted to developing drug delivery systems based on macromolecules of three-dimensional structure. In addition to dendrimers which are widely studied, hyperbranched polymers are gaining more and more attention. Among numerous polymeric materials used in drug delivery systems, aliphatic polycarbonates are one of the most interesting ones due to biocompatibility, nontoxic degradation products, and the absence of autocatalytic effect during the degradation process. However, they show poor solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. This paper describes the synthesis of 5-(4-hydroxybutyl)-1,3-dioxan-2-one and its application for preparation of hyperbranched aliphatic polycarbonates. Linear analogues of the poly(5-(4-hydroxybutyl)-1,3dioxan-2-one) were prepared, too, and the structures were compared by means of 13 C NMR. Ring-opening polymerization of 5-(4-hydroxybutyl)-1,3-dioxan-2-one led to polymers containing solely primary hydroxyl groups which were subsequently reacted with trifluoroacetic anhydride. The phase behavior of fluorinated polymer in supercritical carbon dioxide was explored as a function of concentration and temperature. Modified hyperbranched polycarbonate showed reasonably good solubility in carbon dioxide. It was shown that hyperbranched structure of a polymer facilitate solubility even though the carbonate structural units do not promote solubility in scCO 2 .
Synthesis of oligocarbonate diols from a "green monomer"-dimethyl carbonate-as soft segments for poly(urethane-urea) elastomers Summary-Results from the investigation of a two-step synthesis of oligocarbonate diols from a "green monomer"-dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are presented and discussed. In the first step 1,6-hexanediol or 1,10-decanediol was reacted with DMC to obtain bis(methylcarbonate)hexamethylene (1h) or bis(methylcarbonate)decamethylene (1d), respectively which were further reacted in the next step with appropriate diol at a intended molar ratio to obtain the final product. The solvent-1,4-dioxane-served as a suppressant of the evaporation of both the diol and low molecular weight oligomers, while facilitating the removal of residual amount of methanol and full conversion of methylcarbonate groups. This method allows for the synthesis of oligocarbonate diols without ether linkages containing exclusively terminal hydroxyl groups and of desired molecular weights. It was shown that such oligomerols can be applied for the preparation of poly(urethane-urea) elastomers. The obtained elastomers based on oligocarbonate diols of molecular weights ranging from 1700 to 2700 exhibited very good mechanical properties.
a Poly(carbonate-urethane-urea)s (PCUU) based on oligocarbonate diols (M n ≈ 2000) with different length of the hydrocarbon chain as soft segments were synthesized and investigated. Carbonate oligomerols were obtained in a two-step method from dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and linear α,ω-diols (1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-dekanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol). Oligo(trimethylene carbonate) diol was synthesized using ring-opening polymerization of trimethylence carbonate. PCUUs were obtained by prepolymer method using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and water as a chain extender. Changes in polymers properties with increase of methylene group number between carbonate linkages were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile strength and hardness measurements. The thermal stability was also analyzed by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Based on FTIR analysis influence of methylene groups number between carbonate linkages on phase separation and concentration of allophanate and biuret groups in the samples were investigated. The obtained poly(carbonate-urethane-urea)s exhibited very good mechanical properties. Tensile strength and elongation at break were 40 MPa and 400-600%, respectively, depending on the oligocarbonate used.
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