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The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility to use the bioactive components from cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana), blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), and cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) extracts as a novel source against oxidation in food supplementation. The quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols, carotenoids, and chlorophyll) was based on radical scavenging spectrophometric assays and mass spectrometry. The total phenolic content was the highest (P < 0.05) in water extract of blueberries (46.6 ± 4.2 mg GAE/g DW). The highest antioxidant activities by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity were in water extracts of blueberries, showing 108.1 ± 7.2 and 131.1 ± 9.6 μMTE/g DW with correlation coefficients of 0.9918 and 0.9925, and by β-carotene linoleate assay at 80.1 ± 6.6 % with correlation coefficient of 0.9909, respectively. The water extracts of berries exhibited high binding properties with human serum albumin in comparison with quercetin. In conclusion, the bioactive compounds from a relatively new source of gooseberries in comparison with blueberries and cranberries have the potential as food supplementation for human health. The antioxidant and binding activities of berries depend on their bioactive compounds.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and binding effects of gooseberry, a less-studied berry, and to compare with blueberry and cranberry in the model of interaction with human serum albumin (HSA). The relationship between the scavenging properties of dietary polyphenols of the selected berries and their affinities for HSA were investigated by fluorescence analysis. In order to perform the extraction and identification of the antioxidants present in the samples, different types of extraction solvents were used, such as water, ethyl acetate, and diethyl ether. The polyphenols, tannins, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid contents, and the total antioxidant capacities (TACs) of the berry extracts were assessed by using ESI-MS, FTIR, and radical scavenging assays. The contents of bioactive compounds and the levels of TACs in water extracts differed significantly and were the highest in water extracts in comparison with other extracts in all the investigated berries (P \ 0.05). Gooseberry water extracts contained: polyphenols (mg GAE/g DW)-5.37 ± 0.6, tannins (mg CE/g DW)-0.71 ± 0.2, anthocyanins (mg CGE/g DW)-12.0 ± 1.2, ascorbic acid (mg AA/g DW)-5.15 ± 0.5, and TACs (lMTE/g DW) by ABTS and FRAP assays were 15.53 ± 1.6 and 6.51 ± 0.7, respectively. In conclusion, the bioactivity of gooseberry was lower than blueberries and cranberries. The antioxidant and binding properties of gooseberries in comparison with widely consumed blueberries and cranberries can be used as a new source for food supplementation.

Summary Two extractions with methanol and water were used to determine the antioxidant and binding properties of some berries as a supplement to food. Fluorometry, FTIR spectra and radical scavenging assays were used for characterisation of bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols and tannins) and the levels of their antioxidant activities (AAs). The contents of bioactive compounds and AAs in water and methanol polyphenol extracts in gooseberries, blueberries and cranberries differed, but not always significantly. Water extracts of gooseberries showed the lowest amounts of polyphenols (mg GAE g−1), 6.24 ± 0.6, and flavonoids (mg CE g−1), 0.29 ± 0.01, and AAs (μMTE g−1) determined by DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and CUPRAC assays such as 6.05 ± 0.6, 8.07 ± 0.9, 18.70 ± 1.8 and 13.44 ± 1.2, respectively, in comparison with blueberries and cranberries. Polyphenol content highly correlated with antioxidant activity (R2 from 0.94 to 0.81). The quenching properties of berries were studied by the interaction of water and methanol polyphenol extracts with HSA by 3D fluorescence. In conclusion, the bioactivity of gooseberries was lower than in blueberries and cranberries. Gooseberries can be used as a new source for food consumption and supplementation based on their antioxidant and binding properties. 3D fluorescence spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy can be applied as additional analytical tools for rapid estimation of the quality of different food products.

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