This paper investigates terahertz (THz) imaging and classification of freshly excised murine xenograft breast cancer tumors. These tumors are grown via injection of E0771 breast adenocarcinoma cells into the flank of mice maintained on high-fat diet. Within 1 h of excision, the tumor and adjacent tissues are imaged using a pulsed THz system in the reflection mode. The THz images are classified using a statistical Bayesian mixture model with unsupervised and supervised approaches. Correlation with digitized pathology images is conducted using classification images assigned by a modal class decision rule. The corresponding receiver operating characteristic curves are obtained based on the classification results. A total of 13 tumor samples obtained from 9 tumors are investigated. The results show good correlation of THz images with pathology results in all samples of cancer and fat tissues. For tumor samples of cancer, fat, and muscle tissues, THz images show reasonable correlation with pathology where the primary challenge lies in the overlapping dielectric properties of cancer and muscle tissues. The use of a supervised regression approach shows improvement in the classification images although not consistently in all tissue regions. Advancing THz imaging of breast tumors from mice and the development of accurate statistical models will ultimately progress the technique for the assessment of human breast tumor margins.
The present study aimed to explore perceptions and barriers regarding telemedicine services among Bangladeshi young adults. This qualitative study was performed through telephonic interviews where 20 young adults (cases) were taken for in-depth interviews, using a purposive sampling technique from July 1 to July 20, 2020. The verbatim transcriptions was used, and the thematic analysis was performed through manual coding. The findings of this study revealed that the majority of participants perceived telemedicine as it is a system through which we are able to get healthcare services by using the internet, mobile application, or just a phone call from health care providers. Participants had positive attitudes toward telemedicine. Low trustworthiness, difficulties in getting access to emergency diagnostic services, significant anxieties on the use of telemedicine complexity and observability, shortage of network and power supply, as well as financial complexities were acknowledged as significant barriers in terms of receiving telemedicine services during the COVID-19 outbreak. Concerned authorities, including governmental and private organizations, should take effective measures to make telemedicine services available, reliable, and affordable for all across the country.
Background:
In Bangladesh, cervical cancer (CC) is the 2nd most common cancer with estimated 8068 new cases and 5,214 deaths every year. It is also revealed that different socio-demographic factors have association with CC. This study was performed to evaluate the colposcopy outcomes and the association of different demographic and reproductive risk factors with cervical pre-cancer and cancer.
Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the colposcopy clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) between January 2010 and December 2016.
Results:
A total 16147 women attended the colposcopy clinic of BSMMU with VIA positive reports. Among them, 65.73% women were referred from different VIA centers of Dhaka district. Mean age of marriage of the subjects was 16. 93 (
±
1) and mean age of 1st delivery was 18.45 years (
±
4.10). Almost three-fourth of them were married before 18 years and had their 1st delivery by 20 years. Colposcopy examination of the VIA positive women revealed that 36.7% had CINI, 10.6% had CINII/ III and 7.1% had carcinoma of cervix. Considering CIN as disease the Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of colposcopy were found 99.7%, 75.3%, 70.3% and 99.8% respectively. On other hand considering CIN2+ as disease the Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of colposcopy were found 73.8%, 92.7%, 64.4% and 95.2% respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that higher age (p=0.000), lower level of education (p=0.007), lower socioeconomic status (p=0.014), higher parity (p=0.001) had individual influence on cervical pre-cancer and cancer.
Conclusions:
This study indicated higher age, low level of education, lower socio-economic condition and higher parity as most important socio-demographic factors for developing cervical pre-cancer and cancer in Bangladesh.
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