Young travellers, though restricted by relatively low levels of disposable income, are commonly having high interest and leisure time in exploring new destinations. It has been found that young travellers have high expectations regarding the importance of value for money though they have their financial resources available for travelling. Therefore, it has raised questions on the worthiness of carrying out a study about the travel behaviour and expenditure patterns among the young travellers in Malaysia. The study employed a survey questionnaire to collect data, which was adapted from standardized measures. A total of 643 respondents, which has been randomly selected in the Northern States of Malaysia were involved in the study. The completed questionnaires were analysed to measure the variables of the study consisted of selected socio-demographic, travel behaviour and expenditure patterns. This study found the expenditure patterns of the young travellers vary with regards to the purchase of tourism products. In addition, the results of the study also portrayed the differences of selected travel-related characteristics of young travellers in relation to the purpose of travel. Thus, this study may provide information which will help tourism marketers to develop marketing tools to satisfy and fulfill those young tourists' needs and understand certain reasons behind their spending patterns.

The population of food allergy sufferer world wide keep on increasing especially among children. Therefore, while the parent is working, this children is taken care by the nursery employees. Since there is no cure for food allergy, the nursery employees need to be knowledgeable to provide safe food and environment to them. For that reason, this study aims to determine the types of intervention that can help the nursery employees to improve their knowledge. This study is crucial to create awareness and protect this susceptible population to stay healty. Keywords: food allergy; intervention;children, nursery employees. eISSN 2514-7528 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

Cases involving food allergy and their effects seem to be growing all around the world. The effects of food allergy can range from mild to severe and even lead to death. It is also noted that students are among the frequent victims of food allergy. The cure for food allergy is ISSN 1941-899X 2015 www.macrothink.org/jmr 253 unknown. Thus, a form of intervention is needed to prevent food allergy from occurring. In order to do so, an adequate level of knowledge concerning food allergy is crucial. This study, therefore, explores the level of awareness and knowledge on food allergy among hospitality students in Malaysia. Survey method was utilized in this study and questionnaires were distributed to 150 students specifically who are studying hospitality program at two universities in the Northern region of Malaysia. Results revealed that majority of the respondent have an average knowledge pertaining to food allergy issue. This paper revealed the general knowledge, awareness and perceptions of hospitality students pertaining to food allergy. The implication of the study would benefit the public. Proper development of food allergy syllabus will enhance student knowledge and perhaps will help them to prepare and serve wholesome food to the customers. Journal of Management Research

Food allergy has been recognised by the World Health Organisation as a chronic disease that could lead to fatality. The symptoms can mediate from mild to severe consequences. Some cases have reported that food allergy sufferers are bullied and are discriminated at workplace, thus increasing their stress level, apart from facing difficulty in consuming certain food due to allergy. This has an adverse effect on the quality of life amongst food allergy sufferers. Medical bills are increased when food allergy sufferers become unknowingly exposed to food allergen. Hence, this study investigated food allergens among food allergy sufferers in order to make their lives better. A total of 250 respondents participated in an online survey. Surprisingly, apart from chicken, soybean and other food allergens that have been listed under the Big Eight Allergens, the respondents mentioned some fruits that could trigger allergic reactions, such as rambutans and watermelons. Food allergy sufferers can be allergic to seafood and seafood products as well, such as shrimp paste or locally known as belacan, which refers to fermented shrimp paste cured under the sun. It is a common food ingredient used among Malaysians. The study findings offer practical insights, such as avoidance of food allergens amidst food allergy sufferers and help the government to carefully manage for menu planning. The knowledge contribution of this study reveals several specific food and fruits, as aforementioned, which appear to be common and nutritious food, yet harmful to food allergy sufferers.

Food allergy commonly affects many people, including children regardless of their age. Their life could be threatened if they are exposed to food allergen. Therefore, nursery employees need to take extra precaution when dealing with children with food allergy compared to ordinary children. Thus, this paper warrants to assess the knowledge of caretakers of children with food allergy and determines the approaches needed to improve their knowledge on how to manage this susceptible population. IntroductionFood provides nutrients that are needed by the body, therefore consuming healthy and safe food is crucial regardless of the age of the person. However, extra caution is needed to provide food that is safe to be consumed by food allergy sufferers. This is due to the fact that, wrongly ingested food can lead to food allergy reactions and death for severe food allergy sufferers (Carrard, Rizzuti, & Sokollik, 2015). There is no cure for food allergy. Hence, prevention is the best and only way to avoid a food allergy reaction . For that reason, food allergy is considered as a global health burden (Anagnostou & Orange;Pawankar, Canonica, Holgate, &Lockey, 2011).While a person can develop food allergy at the early stage of his/ her life (Muraro et al.,2017), food allergies are found to be present across all ages from infancy, toddlerhood, childhood, or in adulthood (Muraro et al., 2017).Consequently, food allergy sufferers must take extra precaution about the food they consume to avoid accidental ingestion (Carrard et al., 2015). There are more than 170 foods that have been identified as food allergens that could trigger food allergic reactions (Boye, 2012). However, the most common food items identified to cause food allergy are classified as the "Big 8 Allergens" (Wen, 2015). The "Big 8 Allergens" include milk, soy, fish, crustacean shellfish, eggs, tree nuts, wheat, and peanuts (Sasaki et al., 2018). The types of fish including sea bass and flounder while crustaceans and shellfish comprise of crab, shrimp, and lobster. Meanwhile, tree nuts include walnuts, almond, and pecan.Unlike other chronic diseases, "allergy does not enjoy the same level of public and governmental attention as other chronic diseases like cancer or cardiovascular diseases and it is certainly the most pervasive disorder globally" (Pawankar et al; 2011 p.7 ) Therefore, the objective of the study is to assess general knowledge of food allergy. This is because assessing the level of food allergy knowledge is crucial at this stage due to the need for intervention to be developed. In this regard, accurate diagnosis of food allergy is crucial because misdiagnosis will lead to life-threatening and excessive diet restriction (Živanović, Marković, & Medjo, 2017). Din, N., et.al. / 6 th AicQoL2018PerhentianIsland, 03-04 March 2018, Mar. 2018 (p.13-17) 14 Given the scarcity of food allergy studies in Malaysia, this study is significant in assessing the level of food allergy knowledge and types of intervention. Food allergy knowledge is a crucial is...