Introduction  Mechanical trauma to the nasal mucosa increases the risk of synechia formation, especially after chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal surgeries.Objective  This study was carried to assess the effect of propolis administration in healing injured nasal mucosa in rats.Methods  We randomly divided eighteen rats into three equal experimental groups: (1) non-treated group; (2) gum tragacanth (suspending agent for propolis) treated group; and (3) propolis treated group. The non-treated group received no treatment for 15 days. The second group received gum tragacanth administration (5 ml/kg, orally) once daily for 15 days. The third group received propolis suspension orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg once daily for 15 days. At the beginning of this study, we induced unilateral mechanical nasal trauma on the right nasal mucosa of all rats in the three groups using a brushing technique. A pathologist stained tissue samples using hematoxylin and examined eosin by using a light microscope.Results  The severity of inflammation was milder with the absence of ulcerations in the propolis treated group compared with the non-treated and gum tragacanth groups. Goblet cell and ciliated cell loss was substantially lower in patients treated with propolis compared with groups without treatment and those treated with gum tragacanth.Conclusion  Propolis decreased inflammation and enhanced healing of wounds of the nasal mucosa in rats.

Acne scars are a very common cutaneous problem dermatologists face in daily practice. Early treatment of acne vulgaris can minimize the incidence of scarring. 1,2 It was demonstrated that acne scars can be resulting from the interplay of multiple factors, including inflammation, degradation of the extracellular matrix, and abnormal granulation tissue formation. [3][4][5] Treatment of acne scarring continuously represents an innovative area for research. Subcision is one of the most common techniques that can give good results in atrophic acne scarring either alone or in combination with other modalities.Subcision is a minimally invasive procedure in which a tribeveled hypodermic needle entered under the scarred tissues to cut the fibrous band. It is usually used in rolling types of scars. Subcision improve the scars by lifting up the scarred tissues attached deep to the dermis. [6][7][8][9] Polyl-lactic acid (PLLA) mono threads are newer threads that can last longer and generate more collagen than the other types. These threads developed after the polydioxanone types are made from the same ingredients that are found in the absorbable stitches. They are effective in improving wrinkles, reduce the sagging, pores size, and induce lifting. The threads act as foreign material creating microinjuries that trigger body cells to induce new collagen formation. ,10

Objective : To develop a systematic approach for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, imaging spectrum, and classification system for the staging of post-COVID-19 head and neck mucormycosis. Method : The study included 63 post-COVID-19 patients with pathologically proven mucormycosis who underwent head and neck MR imaging. Three independent radiologists assessed the imaging spectrum of mucormycosis, MRI characteristics of sino-nasal mucormycosis, and extra-sinus extension, and submitted a final staging using a systematic approach and a proposed categorization system. A consensus reading was considered the reference imaging standard. The kappa statistics were used to assess the categorization system's diagnostic reliability. Results : The overall interreader agreement of the MR staging system was very good (k-score= 0.817). MR imaging spectrum involved localized sino-nasal mucormycosis (n=7 patients, 11.1%), sino-nasal mucormycosis with maxillo-facial soft tissue extension (n=28 patients, 44.5 %), sino-nasal mucormycosis with maxillo-facial bony extension (n=7 patients, 11.1%), sino-naso-orbital mucormycosis (n=13 patients, 20.6%), and sino-nasal mucormycosis with cranium or intracranial extension (n= 8 patients, 12.7%). Extra-sinus extension to the orbit and brain did not have significant association with involvement of the posterior ethmoid/sphenoid sinuses and maxillo-facial regions ( P >0.05). MRI-based staging involved four stages: stage 1 (n=7, 11.1%); stage 2 (n=35, 55.6%), and stage 3 (n=13, 20.6%), and stage 4 (n=8, 12.7%). Involvement of the bone and MR-based staging were significant predictors of patients’ mortality P=0.012 and 0.033 , respectively. Conclusions : This study used a diagnostic-reliable staging method to define the imaging spectrum of post-COVID-19 head and neck mucormycosis and identify risk variables for extra-sinus extension.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant skin tumor. While slowly growing, it can cause major skin disfigurement. Therefore, novel cosmetically acceptable treatment options, other than surgery require investigation. The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of intralesional methotrexate (MTX) as a convenient modality for BCC treatment clinically and pathologicaly. A total of 20 patients with BCC of any clinical variant underwent intralesional MTX injection at a maximum 1 mL of 25 mg/mL MTX per session. Histopathological assessments were performed before and 1 month after treatment. Forty percent of patients showed >50% clinical improvement after 1–4 sessions. Intralesional MTX is a suitable and safe treatment modality for BCC and may be used as an adjuvant to surgery.

Background: Myocardial infarction is a critical complication frequently occurs with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sitagliptin is antidiabetic drug inhibits DPP-4,which augments endogenous level of glucagon like peptide 1(GLP-1).Metformin is an FDA-approved antidiabetic drug, which is commonly prescribed for management of T2DM. Objectives: Is to investigate the possible beneficial effects of sitagliptin, metformin, and their combination on myocardial ischemic and vascular changes in T2D rats and possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods: Adult male albino rats were used in this study and were randomly divided into control normal group, control diabetic group , sham diabetic group and diabetic with induction of MI group. Diabetic rats with myocardial infarction(MI) were divided into the following treated subgroups: Oral Sitagliptin (300 mg/kg/day), Metformin(120mg/kg/day) and Combined metformin sitagliptin treated subgroups for 6 weeks. blood glucose (bl gl) level, serum Triglycerides (TG) and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, markers of oxidative stress(vascular Malondialdehyde (MDA) and cardiac Superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels),inflammation marker(plasma Interleukin-6( IL6),and plasma Creatin kinase-MB (CK-MB) were measured. Hematoxylin and Eosin stained sections of cardiac tissue were examined. vascular reactivity of thoracic aortas were measured. Results:DMT2 with induction of MI evoked oxidative stress, inflammation, as well as histopathological derangements in cardiac tissue and decreased vascular reactivity. Treatment with sitagliptin , metformin and their combination improved the cardiac histopathological changes and vascular reactivity as well as attenuating the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. Conclusion: Sitagliptin has beneficial protective effects against myocardial ischemic changes induced in T2D rats but combined administration of metformin sitagliptin was superior to each drug alone in cardiovascular protection effects. This protective effect of sitagliptin may be due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials.