Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) constitutes thorny nitrogen fixing deciduous shrub. Sea buckthorn(SBT) is primarily valued for its very rich vitamins A, B1, B12, C, E, K, and P; flavonoids, lycopene, carotenoids, and phytosterols. and therapeutically important since it is rich with potent antioxidants. Scientifically evaluated pharmacological actions of SBT are like inflammation inhibited by reduced permeability, loss of follicular aggregation of lymphocytes from the inflamed synovium and suppress lymphocyte proliferation. SBT-reduced recurrence of angina, ischemic electrocardiogram which might be due to decreased myocardial oxygen consumption and inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by collagen. SBT can kill both cancer cells of S180, P388, SGC7901 and lymphatic leukemia (L1200). The antiulcer activity may be related to reduce gastric empty time, inhibiting proteolytic activity and promoting wound reparation processes of mucosa. SBT exerts antihypertensive effect in part by blocking angiotensin-2 receptor on cell surface. SBT decreased the level of stress hormones and enhanced hypoxic tolerance in animals indicating its anti-stress, adaptogenic activity. A lot of research work is still needed to find cellular and molecular mechanisms of these activities and also yet to be explored for its activity in osteoporosis, hemorrhage, cataract, urinary stone, acne, psoriasis, polyneuritis, cheilosis, glossities, baldness, anti-obesity, gout, and chronic prostitis.
Gmelina arborea roxb commonly known as 'Gambhari' tree, the various parts of the plants are widely used in diarrhoea, anti-pyretic, thirst, anemia, leprosy, ulcers, consumption, strangury and vaginal discharges. We tested the cytotoxic potential of Gmelina arborea roxb in HL-60 cells. Aqueous Extract of Gmelina arborea roxb (AEGA) was tested at the various concentrations 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg in MTT assay, Cell Viability assays and clonogenic assay. Our study shows that AEGA inhibits cell growth and decrease the cell viability. The AEGA inhibits cell proliferation at a dose and time dependent manners measured by MTT assay. The AEGA very significantly decreased the cell viability of HL-60 Cells after 24 and 48 h compared to the control cells. In the semisolid culture, the number of colonies decreased significantly (p<0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, AEGA has shown a substantial and significant anti cancer activity in all the models. This protective effect might have been mediated by apoptosis mechanisms.
Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation in rats and mice employing the tail immersion test and acetic acid-induced writhing test, respectively. Materials and Methods: With the tail immersion method, rats received two different doses (270 and 405 mg/kg BW, p.o.) of a formulation, pethidine (5.4 mg/kg BW, p.o.) as a reference standard and the combination of the higher dose of the formulation with naloxone (2 mg/kg, i.p.), an opioid receptor antagonist, and caffeine (16 mg/kg, i.p.), used as an adenosine receptor antagonist. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, mice received two different doses (390 and 585 mg/kg, BW, p.o.) of formulation, diclofenac sodium (15 mg/kg, BW, p.o.) as a reference standard and the combination of the higher dose of the polyherbal formulation with ondansetron (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), a serotonin receptor antagonist. Results: The polyherbal formulation (405 mg/kg) exhibited a significant (p < 0.01) antinociceptive effect using the tail immersion method. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the formulation showed significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent activity. The antinociceptive effect of the polyherbal formulation apparently involved an opiate-like mechanism, since its antinociceptive action was attenuated by naloxone pretreatment. In addition, antinociceptive activity was attenuated by caffeine and reversed by ondansetron pretreatment. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the polyherbal formulation possessed centrally and peripherally mediated antinociceptive properties. The activity could be mediated through opioid, adenosine, and serotonin receptors and via inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase- and/or lipoxygenase-dependent pathways.
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