Blood flow was s t u d i e d hy venous occlusion plethysmoeraphy i n 1 3 i n f a n t s r g q u i r i n g e i t h e r continuous p o s i t i v e airwhy p r e s s u r e (CPAP) o r a s s i s t e d v e n t i l a t i o n f o r hyaline vembrhne d i s e a s e .I n f a t s were s t u d i e d a t one t o 5 days of age. Ind i v i d u a l i n f a n t s were s t u d i e d on up t o 4 d i f f e r e n t days. The system used c o n s i s t e d of a blood pressure cuff a p p l i e d t o t h e t h i g h and a mercury strxain gauge a p p l i e d c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l l y t o t h e mid-calf (Kidd e t a l , 1966). A r t e r i a l blooc pressure (EP) was measured d i r e c t l y . Venous occlusion was accomplished ky i n f l a t i n g t h e c u f f t o a pressure below t h a t of t h e d i a s t o l i c BP. Blood flow ranged from 3.8 t o 14.2 r n l / l C O gnl of t i s s u e / minute. For each i n f a n t , values were reproducikle on a giver. day, but l a b i l e from day t o day. The observed values were h i g h e r t h a n t h o s e r e p o r t e d by Kidd e t a l , p o s s i b l y becduse of changing p r a c t i c e s regarding intravencus f l u i d s and blood t r a n s f u s i o n . Changes i n blood flow could not be p r e d i c t e d from changes i n BP, c e n t r a l h e c a t o c r i t , o r volume of blood withdrawn f o r l a b o r a t o r y s t u d i e s . Blood l a c t a t e , base d e f i c i t o r requirements f o r intravenous bicarbonate could not be pred i c t e d from bloo6 flow. CPAP a t p r e s s u r e s up t o 6 cm Hz0 d i d not s i g n i f i c a n t l y reduce blood flow. A low blood flow i n t h e f i r s t 24 hours suggested t h a t blooC t r a n s f u s i o n wasmorelrkely t o be r e q u i r e d subsequently during t h e course of t h e ?isease.PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW (PBF) I N LAMBS WITH HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE (HMD). Alexander C. Allen, Dora A . Stinson, Hugh M. MacDonald and Paul M. Taylor. Univ. of P i t t s b u r g h Sch. of Med. Maaee-Womens Hosp., Dept. of P e d i a t r i c s , P i t t s b u r g h , Pa.-~f f e c t i v e P B F '~~ lo" during t h e course of HMD (~h u e t a l , P e d i a t r i c s , s : 7 3 3 , 1965). I t i s not known whether t h i s change i s c e n t r a l i n t h e e t i o l o g i c chain of events o r simply a secondary phenomenon. T o t a l PBF was measured during t h e f i r s t 4 h r of l i f e i n lambs with and without HMD.At 129-133 days' g e s t a t i o n a pre-calibrated electromagnetic flow transducer w i t h non-occlusive zero was implanted on the p o s t d u c t a l port i o n of t h e comnon pulmonary a r t e r y of 8 f e t a l lambs which were r e t u r n e d t o t h e amniotic c a v i t y f o r 7 days and then del i v e r e d by C-section a t 136-140 days' g e s t a t i o n . A f t e r b i r t h a Swan-Ganz c a t h e t e r was f l o a t e d i n t o a branch pulmonary a rt e r y f o r pressure measurements. By c l i n i c a l and blood gas c r it e r i a , 4 lambs had no d i s t r e s s o r developed mild HMD; 4 developed moderate o r s e v e r e HMD. PBF increa...
Electroretinographic (ERG) studies were performed in 22 normal control newborns and 28 neonates who had had phototherapy during the first few days of life. Mean age at ERG testing was 16.8 ± 2.9 days in the phototherapy group and 16.4 ± 3.7 days in the control group. Results of routine funduscopy were normal in both groups. Amplitudes of a and b waves under dark- and light-adapted states were similar in both groups. Phototherapy did not appear to have deleterious effects on photopic and scotopic retinal function in infants whose eyes were adequately shielded.
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