The most serious potential complication of IUD use is uterine perforation and this can cause severe morbidity. When an IUD is located in the abdominal cavity, it should be carefully managed and removed, even in an asymptomatic patient.
Peripartum hysterectomy is still a dramatic life-saving operation with high risks. The most common reason for abnormal placental adherence is previous uterine procedures.
In our series, abnormal placentation was the most common indication for EPH. The risk factors for EPH were previous CS for abnormal placentation and placental abruption for uterine atony and peripartum hemorrhage. Limiting the number of CS deliveries would bring a significant impact on decreasing the risk of EPH.
Doppler ultrasonography is not only a non-invasive method for evaluating fetal status in pre-eclamptic pregnancies, but it also correlates with partial trophoblastic invasion in spiral arteries, which contributes to the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in pre-eclampsia.
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