Aim:The aim of this study is to determine serum ceruloplasmin levels in cows with endometritis of varying degrees of severity and to establish whether or not there is a correlation between acute phase protein (APP) levels and biochemical parameters.Material and Methods:The study was conducted with 100 Brown Swiss cows (3-8 years of age) on days 28-32 postpartum. Cows were divided into endometritis (mild, moderate, and severe endometriosis) and healthy groups based on ultrasonography, vaginoscopy, and cytological examination. Blood samples were collected from all cows. Levels of haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), ceruloplasmin, albumin, and some biochemical parameters were analyzed.Results:Hp, SAA, and ceruloplasmin levels were higher in cows with endometritis than in healthy cows (p=0.001), and the levels of these APPs increased as endometritis became more severe (p=0.001). Some significant correlations were found between APPs and the biochemical parameters that were analyzed. In conclusion, it was determined that ceruloplasmin levels increase significantly in the presence of endometritis and proportionate to the severity of endometritis. A significant correlation was found between ceruloplasmin levels and Hp and SAA levels.Conclusion:It was concluded that ceruloplasmin levels can be used in the diagnosis of endometritis as an alternative to Hp and SAA levels.

The aim of this study was to investigate total antioxidant (TAC), oxidant capacity (TOC) and nitric oxide levels (NO) in cattle with foot-and-mouth-diseases (FMD). Twenty Swiss Brown cattle aged between 24 and 48 months were used. Animals were divided into two groups as control (n=10) and FMD (n=10). Blood samples were collected from jugular vein and centrifuged. TOC and NO levels were found to be significantly higher in FMD group compared to those of control group. However, no significant differences were present in TAC levels between FMD and control groups. It was concluded that FMD increases serum NO levels and TOC, but do not affect TAC in cattle. Keywords: Cattle, Foot-and -Mouth Disease, Oxidative stress, Nitric oxide Şap Hastalıklı Sığırlarda Nitrik Oksit Düzeyi, Total Antioksidan ve Oksidan Kapasite ÖzetÇalışmanın amacı şap hastalığına (FMD) yakalanmış sığırlarda total antioksidan (TAC), oksidan kapasite (TOC) ve nitrik oksit (NO) seviyelerini araştırmaktır. Araştırmada, yaşları 24 ve 48 ay arasında olan 20 Montofon ırkı sığır kullanıldı. Hayvanlar kontrol (n=10) ve şap hastalıklı (n=10) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Kan örnekleri Vena jugularis' ten alınarak santrifuj edildi. Şaplı hayvanlarda TOC ve NO seviyeleri kontrol grubundaki hayvanlara göre önemli düzeyde yüksekti. TAC seviyesinde ise şap hastalıklı ve kontrol grubu arasında önemli bir değişiklik saptanmadı. Sonuç olarak şap hastalığının sığırlarda serum NO ve TOC seviyesini artırırken, TAC seviyesini etkilemediği belirlendi.

ABSTRACT. The aim of the present study was to determine concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP), oxidative stress and some biochemical parameters in naturally infested cattle with Hypoderma spp. For this purpose, 10 clinically healthy cattle as controls and 25 Brown Swiss cattle with Hypoderma spp. were used. Blood samples were collected to tubes from jugular vein. Parts of blood samples were stored without any process as a whole blood. The serum was separated from the remaining blood samples. The reduced glutathione (GSH) in whole blood and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin, serum amyloid A (SAA), AST, GGT, ALP, CK, albumin, urea and total protein levels in serum were colorimetrically determined. The present study indicated that the concentrations of Hp, SAA, ceruloplasmin, AST, GGT, ALP, CK, and MDA were significantly increased, and albumin, total protein, GSH concentrations were significantly decreased in the Hypoderma spp. infested group compared to the control group. Additionally, the increase in serum Hp levels was proportional to the number of Hypoderma spp. and it was statistically significant. In conclusion, the production of APP increased in a response to acute phase response in animals with subcutaneous warbles. Furthermore, liver functions were also shown to be impaired and oxidative stress developed as a result of metabolic products of the parasite in Hypoderma spp. infested cattle.

Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the alterations in the lipid profile, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, total and direct bilirubin levels of neonatal calves with diarrhea.Materials and Methods:A total of 25 calves with diarrhea as experimental group and 10 healthy calves as control group, 1-30 days old, were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein in tubes with anticoagulant agent to evaluate the concentration of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), ALP, total and direct bilirubin. Very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were calculated according to the Friedewald formula.Results:Significant increases in the plasma levels of ALP (p<0.05), total and direct bilirubin, triglycerides, and VLDL-C (p<0.01) were determined, whereas significant decreases in the levels of total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C (p<0.01) were observed in neonatal calves with diarrhea.Conclusion:According to the findings of this study, liver functions impaired and, therefore, lipid profile is affected negatively in neonatal calves with diarrhea.

Aim:In this study, it was aimed to determine the concentration of some important acute phase proteins (APPs) and some biochemical parameters pre-operative and post-operative in calves with omphalitis.Materials and Methods:A total of 20 calves were used in the study and they consist of 10 clinically healthy calves that were used as a control and 10 calves with omphalitis were used as the treatment group. Blood samples were collected from Vena jugularis of animals to tubes with anticoagulant (sodium citrate) and without anticoagulants, pre-operative (day 0), and post-operative (day 7). Samples were used to determine the concentration of haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), ceruloplasmin (Cp), fibrinogen, glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, total bilirubin, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations.Results:While the Hp, SAA, Cp, fibrinogen, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, ALP, and GGT concentrations were statistically and significantly increasing rather than the control group during the pre-operative period for calves with omphalitis, they decreased to the post-operative period. Moreover, an insignificant increase in the glucose, total protein, and AST concentrations and an insignificant decrease in the albumin, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations were statistically determined.Conclusion:We have the opinion that the assessment of biochemical parameters and especially APP levels in calves with the omphalitis together with the clinical findings may be important in terms of the treatment and prognosis.