How to cite this article: Sudhakar Kanumuri, Kada Venkata Ramana, Sudhir Sachar. Role of mammography and ultrasound in the evaluation of palpable breast masses with histopathological correlation. International Journal of Contemporary Medicine Surgery and Radiology. 2019;4(2):B16-B20. A B S T R A C TIntroduction: Breast cancer is most common cause of cancer death in women and overall fifth common cause of cancer deaths in the world. 1 In India, breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women, next to cervical cancer. Early detection of breast cancer reduces the morbidity and mortality rate. Present study was designed to evaluate the role of mammography and sonography independently and combinedly in diagnosing palpable breast mass lesions with histopathological correlation. Material and Methods: 50 patients aged 30 and above with palpable abnormalities of breast underwent combined mammographic and sonographic evaluation. Results: In this study 52 breast masses from 50 patients were evaluated with USG and Mammography and the incidence of malignancy was 22%. 10 cases were diagnosed as malignant after a combined mammographic and sonographic evaluation and only one case was missed. 33 of the 50 cases were categorized as benign after a combined mammographic and sonographic evaluation, only one fibrocystic case not detected on mammogram and ultrasound was diagnosed with HPE. The combined evaluation have sensitivity 95.7% and specificity is 102%. The positive predictive value of this test is 100% and negative predictive value 60%. This data clearly shows the value of imaging in avoiding unnecessary biopsies. Conclusion: we can conclude that combined sonography and mammography can appropriately characterize the breast lesion and unnecessary intervention can be avoided.
Acute pancreatitis is one of the major complex abdominal pathology causing significant morbidity and mortality. CT imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and staging of acute pancreatitis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of CECT in characterization of acute pancreatitis and to assess the clinical outcome based on Modified CT severity index. Material and Methods: The study was done in a span of 1 year (January 2018 to December 2018) on all clinically and biochemically suspected cases of acute pancreatitis (study sample = 48). All these patients were subjected to CECT and scoring was based on Modified CT severity index (MCTSI). Results: The most commonly affected age group in this study was 41-50 years (58.33%) with a male predominance (62.5%). Cholelithiasis (43.75%) was observed to be the most common etiology followed by alcoholism (37.5%). The most common extrapancreatic complication was found to be pleural effusion (47.91%) followed by ascites (33.33%). Under MCTSI, patients were grades as mild, as moderate and as severe. The prognostic outcome (depending on parameters such as length of hospital stay need for intervention, presence of infection and solid organ failure) was significantly affected with increase in grade of acute pancreatitis. Conclusion: In conclusion, CECT plays a better role in identification and characterization of acute pancreatitis; and MCTSI is a better predictor of overall prognosis and clinical outcome.
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) persisting after mitral valve surgery reduces survival due to heart failure and thrombo-embolisms and impairs quality of life. Restoration of the sinus rhythm might lead to a lower incidence of thrombo-embolism and valve-related complications in the postoperative period.Methods: This non-randomized prospective study was carried out between period April 2015 to December 2018 in the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Government General hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 80 patients underwent mitral valve replacement during the study period. 50 patients out of these were with atrial fibrillation and were part of this study, who underwent mitral valve replacement.Results: All fifty patients were in atrial fibrillation based on clinical examination and the echocardiogram. 13 patients preoperatively were in atrial fibrillation with fast ventricular rate. These patients were placed on antiarrhythmic drugs to control the ventricular rate prior to mitral valve replacement. After surgery twenty out of fifty (40%) patients reverted to NSR and maintained the same rhythm till the 6 months of follow-up. Twenty-nine (58%) patients continued in atrial fibrillation after surgery.Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that preoperative atrial rhythm strongly determines postoperative rhythm. In view of the promising results of combined mitral valve and anti-atrial fibrillation surgery, the inescapable conclusion is that the anti-arrhythmic procedure should be offered routinely to all patients with a history of preoperative AF.
How to cite this article: Kada Venkata Ramana, T. Rajesh Kumar. Ultrasonographic evaluation of intima media thickness of carotid arteries among hypertensive and hypertensive with diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Contemporary Medicine Surgery and Radiology. 2019;4(3):C158-C161. was also measured. HBA1 C was also measured on all patients. For measurement of carotid in time media thickness we used Philips clear view 650 ultra sound with linear probe having 8MH 8 solution. Unpaired T test and chi square test was used for comparison of data and P value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Result: Thickness of Rt. Common carotid in group H was 0.716+ 0.03mm and in group HD it was 0.8495+0.07 having P value 0.0001.Thickness of carotid intima and media was 0.723+ 0.183 in group H in left carotid artery. But left carotid intima media thickness in group HD was 0.8495+ 0.07mm. The P value was 0.0001. The mean of carotid intima media thickness of right internal carotid artery in group H was 0.642+ 0.432 mm and the P value was 0.007. Conclusion: CIMT was significantly higher in patient suffering from diabetes mellitus and hypertension then hypertension alone. This indicate that diabetes along with hypertension accelerate the atherosclerosis process.
Background: Colorectal cancer mostly arises from adenomatous polyp and the transition time to convert into carcinoma is around ten years. As the progress to adenocarcinoma is a slow process so, early detection and endoscope resection is claimed to be effective in decreasing incidence and mortality by colorectal cancer. MR colonography is a non-invasive method for evaluating entire colon. It can detect precancerous lesion, cancer and staging. It is non-invasive tool for screening. Acceptability of the patient is better for MR colonography.Methods: Present study is a prospective comparative evaluation of magnetic resonance colonography verses colonoscopy conducted in the Department of Radiology, Konaseema Institute of Medical Science, and other establishments from August 2015 to January 2018. The sample size was calculated to be 112. Specificity, sensitivity and predictive value were calculated by medical statistical software.Results: For all size of tumours, sensitivity was 85.71%, specificity was 92.85%, positive predictive value was 92.30%, negative predictive value was 86.66% and accuracy was 94.34%. The positive predictive value was 90.00% negative predictive value was 92.68% and accuracy was 92.16%. For 1 mm to 4 mm size of polyp the sensitive was 28.57%, specificity was 92.31%, positive predictive value was 66.67%, negative predictive value was 70.59% and accuracy was 70%.Conclusions: In present study we have found that there was male predominance in patient and gastrointestinal bleeding was common clinical presentation. We have also observed that all size of poly MR colonography as having sensitivity and specificity around 90% but MR colonography is highly sensitive and specific for polyp size above 8mm but it is less sensitive for size below 4 mm.
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