With an aim to develop 3D soft materials with biocompatibility and non-toxicity properties, in this study, we attempted the rapid adhesion of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels to each other by using an electric field and water-soluble intermediate phenylboronic acid copolymers. The PVA hydrogels adhered to each other following electrophoretic manipulation of poly(3-methacrylamidophenylboronic acid-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) copolymers at the interface of the PVA hydro gels. The adhered PVA interface was stable under the physiological conditions, but detachment was observed in the presence of an excess amount of sugar and acid. Detached gels re-adhered under the same conditions, indicating that the adhesion of the hydrogels exhibits repeatability. Electrophoretic adhesion of PVA and related hydrogels may be useful in the field of tissue engineering for the development of on-demand 3D scaffolds.
Aluminum foils implanted by krypton ions at an energy of 50 keV (total dose of 1016 ions/cm2) are studied vising a thermal extraction‐mass spectrometer and an electron microscope attached to an energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. It is revealed that the diffusion coefficients of krypton in aluminum obtained by a thermal extraction experiment are between 10−15 and 10−14 cm2/s for the temperature range 713 to 813 K, are smaller about seven orders than those obtained by a tracer diffusion experiment. From the electron microscopic observation, it is also revealed that the krypton fills bubbles having 8 nm average diameter at room temperature. The low diffusion coefficient of krypton is discussed briefly in terms of bubble diffusion.
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