Live performance to 96 d was compared for 1,584 turkey toms reared on diets containing four levels of whole barley and two levels of insoluble grit (0 or 9 g/bird per wk). Nutrient specifications for all diets were similar. The six dietary treatments were 1) 0% whole barley plus grit, 2) Treatment 1 minus grit, 3) grit plus 5% whole barley at 0 d increasing to 35% by 19 d, 4) grit plus 5% whole barley at 0 d increasing to 50% by 19 d, 5) Treatment 4 minus grit, and 6) grit plus 5% whole barley at 19 d increasing to 50% by 40 d. The concentrate blended with the whole barley was fed as crumbles or pellets. Nutrients were not diluted. Compared to the control treatments, feeding 35% or more whole barley temporarily reduced weight gain and increased feed:gain prior to 68 d. Cumulative weight gain was reduced in Treatments 3 and 5 compared to treatments in which no barley was fed. Cumulative feed:gain was increased in Treatment 5 compared to Treatments 2 and 3. Total mortality and leg and skeletal problems were reduced in treatments where whole grain slowed early growth rate. Feeding grit had no effect on the live performance of birds fed similar levels of whole barley. In treatments in which whole barley was introduced at 0 d, gizzard pH was decreased at 18 d, and gizzard weight was increased at 32 d. Jejunal viscosity was unaffected by dietary treatment.
Audren, G. P., Classen, H. L., Schwean, K. V. and Racz, V. 2002. Nutritional value of wheat screenings for broiler chickens. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 393-398.Two trials were conducted to study the nutritional value of two wheat screening samples in broiler diets. Experiment 1 evaluated the chemical composition, and energy and amino acid digestibility while, exp. 2 evaluated the performance of 1980 female broiler chickens, housed in straw litter pens, and fed four different levels of the two wheat screening samples. In exp. 2, the wheat screening samples replaced 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% for sample 1 and 0, 25, and 50% for sample 2 of the wheat in diets fed to broilers. Each treatment was replicated six times with 55 birds per replication. The metabolizable energy, and protein content, and mean ileal amino acid digestibility were 3107 kcal kg -1 , 15.77%, 83.3%, and 3023 kcal kg -1 , 15.19%, 80.4% for wheat screening samples 1 and 2, respectively. The samples contained 90.5 and 88.2% wheat and the major weed seed in both samples was wild buckwheat, which was 4.5 and 6.3% in samples 1 and 2, respectively. In the broiler feeding trial, no significant differences were found between the wheat diet and those containing wheat screenings with regards to growth, feed efficiency, and mortality. There were variations in the composition of wheat screening samples; however, in this study, these variations did not significantly affect the performance of broiler chickens. Wheat screenings totally replaced wheat in balanced broiler diets without negatively affecting performance. Key words:Broiler chicken, feed, wheat screenings, wild buckwheat.Audren, G. P., Classen, H. L., Schwean, K. V. et Racz, V. 2002. Valeur nutritive des criblures de blé pour poulets de chair. Can. J. Anim.. Sci. 82: 393-398. Deux expériences ont servi à étudier la valeur nutritive des criblures de blé dans l'aliment des poulets de chair. L'expérience 1 a étudié la composition chimique, énergétique ainsi que la digestibilité des acides aminés de deux échantillons de criblures de blé. L'expérience 2 a évalué les performances de 1980 poulets de chair femelles, élevées en parquets sur litière de paille et nourries avec un aliment contenant différents niveaux de ces deux échantillons de criblures de blé. Dans l'expérience 2, les criblures de blé remplaçaient 0%, 25%, 50% et tout le blé de l'aliment des poulets de chair. Chaque aliment expéri-mental avait 6 répétitions avec 55 oiseaux par répétition. L'énergie metabolisable, le contenu protéique, et la digestibilité moyenne des acides aminés dans l'ilium étaient respectivement, 3107 kcal kg -1 , 15.77%, 83.3%, et 3023 kcal kg -1 , 15.19%, 80.4% pour les échantillons 1 et 2 de criblure de blé. Les échantillons 1 et 2 contenaient respectivement, 90.5% ou 88.2% de blé et la mauvaise herbe principale dans les deux échantillons était le renouée liseron (Polygonum convolvulus L.) qui représentait 4.5% et 6.3% dans les échantillons 1 et 2 respectivement. Aucunes différences significatives, pour la croissance, l'efficacité...
The Canadian broiler chicken and turkey industries are distributed approximately according to human population. Individual components of these industries tend to be smaller than their U.S. counterparts and not to be vertically integrated. The outlook of the poultry meat industries is positive because of increasing per capita consumption of chicken and the potential for gains in turkey consumption. The number of permanently employed poultry scientists at publicly funded institutions has declined in Western Canada. University training in Poultry Science is restricted to four major institutions where it has been integrated into Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine programs. For the most part, poultry scientists have developed successful research programs and this research has been enhanced by scientists employed in term positions. Publicly funded poultry extension has declined but this reduction has been compensated to some degree by industry-sponsored programs and the private sector. The majority of research funding, which was once derived from government, is now provided by industry; government contributions are frequently contingent on initial industry support. The consequence of this type of funding arrangement is a trend to more short-term and less long-term research. Canada has no strategic plan regarding poultry training, research, or extension and this needs to be addressed before there is a further reduction in the country's infrastructure. Modern communication technology offers promise to reduce the isolation of scientists in different parts of Canada.
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