Com o objetivo de avaliar a seletividade e eficácia de herbicidas para a cultura do feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata), conduziu-se um experimento no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, no delineamento de blocos casualizados. Nas parcelas, foram avaliados nove herbicidas/misturas (S-metolachlor, bentazon + imazamox, S-metolachlor + bentazon + imazamox, imazamox + fluazifop-p-butyl, imazethapyr + fluazifop-p-butyl, bentazon + fluazifop-p-butyl, bentazon + imazamox + fluazifop-p-butyl, lactofen + fluazifop-p-butyl e fluazifop-p-butyl) e uma testemunha sem herbicidas, e nas subparcelas foram avaliados dois tratamentos: com capinas e sem capinas, para determinar a seletividade e a eficácia dos herbicidas, respectivamente. Os herbicidas S-metolachlor, bentazon + imazamox, S-metolachlor + bentazon + imazamox, imazamox + fluazifop-p-butyl, imazethapyr + fluazifop-p-butyl, bentazon + fluazifop-p-butyl, bentazon + imazamox + fluazifop-p-butyl e fluazifop-p-butyl foram seletivos para a cultura. A mistura lactofen + fluazifop-p-butyl causou severa intoxicação no feijão-caupi, com posterior recuperação e produtividade igual ou superior à dos demais tratamentos. As principais espécies de plantas infestantes foram: Cleome affinis, Trianthema portulacastrum, Amaranthus spinosus, Commelina benghalensis e Digitaria bicornis, sendo todas controladas com eficiência pelos herbicidas S-metolachlor aplicado em pré-emergência + bentazon + imazamox aplicados em pós-emergência e lactofen + fluazifop-p-butyl aplicados em pós-emergência. Conclui-se que a eficiência de herbicidas para o feijão-caupi depende da seletividade para a cultura, bem como de sua eficácia no controle de plantas daninhas, a qual pode variar de acordo com a comunidade infestante.
-Ametryn is one of the most widely used herbicides in the sugarcane culture. Little is known about the interactions between this herbicide and the attributes of soils in the sugarcane region of northeastern Brazil. This knowledge, before recommending herbicide, will minimize the negative effects on the environment, particularly on water resources, and will ensure weed control efficacy. In this work, ametryn leaching potential was estimated through bioassays and chromatography, in five soils from the sugarcane region in northeastern Brazil: Quartzarenic Neosol (Entisol); Red Argisol (Ultisol); Ferrihumiluvic Spodosol (Spodosols); Red-Yellow Acrisol (Oxisol) and Haplic Cambisol (Inceptisols). To achieve this, columns were prepared with samples of the respective soils. On top of these columns ametryn was applied and, 12 hours later, a 60 mm rainfall was simulated. After water draining (72 hours after herbicide application), the columns were longitudinally opened to withdraw samples of each soil, every 5 cm. On some of these samples, ametryn quantification was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography and, on the others, biological assays were performed to confirm the results. Ametryn mobility was influenced by the physical-chemical characteristics of soils, mainly by organic matter content, texture and cation exchange capacity (CEC). However, this cannot be considered for Ferrihumiluvic Spodosol, whose cementing characteristics restrict the infiltration of water and organic compounds. Increased leaching ametryn occurred in Quartzarenic Neosol (Entisol), with higher herbicide concentration in the 5 to 10 cm depth layer, in relation to the 0 to 5 cm surface layer, indicating possible agronomic efficiency loss and higher risk of groundwater contamination.Keywords: herbicide, liquid chromatography, bioassay, mobility. RESUMO -O ametryn é um dos herbicidas mais utilizados na cultura da cana-de-açúcar, e pouco se conhece sobre as interações desse herbicida com os atributos dos solos da região canavieira do Nordeste brasileiro. Esse conhecimento antes da recomendação do herbicida permite minimizar os efeitos negativos ao ambiente -em especial, aos recursos hídricos -e garantir a eficiência no
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