We report on plasma damage-free sputtering of an indium tin oxide (ITO) cathode layer, which was grown by a mirror shape target sputtering (MSTS) technique, for use in top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TOLEDs). It is shown that OLEDs with ITO cathodes deposited by MSTS show much lower leakage current (9.2×10−5mA∕cm2) at reverse bias of −6V as compared to that (1×10−1–10−2mA∕cm2 at −6V) of OLEDs with ITO cathodes grown by conventional dc magnetron sputtering. Based on high-resolution electron microcopy, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy results, we describe a possible mechanism by which plasma damage-free ITO films are grown and their application for TOLEDs.
The preparation of different thin and uniform continuous oxide and mixed oxide-fluoride coatings on the glass and on the surface of particulate layers (multi-component phosphor layers; reflective layer; MgO layer) which layers are disposed inside lamp bulb, was studied. The use of simple and industrially available technique with acidic salt solutions provides the fabrication of these coatings. The effectiveness of the using of these coatings in FFL has been demonstrated.
Stability analysis of nonplanar free vibrations of a cantilever beam is made by using the nonlinear normal mode concept. Assuming nonplanar motion of the beam, we introduce a nonlinear twodegree-of-freedom model by using Galerkin's method based on the first mode in each direction. The system turns out to have two normal modes. Using Synge's stability concept, we examine the stability of each mode. In order to check the validity of the stability criterion obtained analytically, we plot a Poincaré map of the motions neighboring on each mode obtained numerically. It is found that the maps agree with the stability criterion obtained analytically.
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